Table 2.
Antimicrobial activity of epibiotic bacterial strains isolated from different hosts.
| Host | Total strains | Active strains | % of active strains | Test | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MACROALGAE | ||||||
| Saccharina latissima | 210 | 103 | 50 | lb | Germany | Wiese et al. (2009) |
| Invertebrates 4spp., alga | 400 | 140 | 35 | lb, env | Scotland | Burgess et al. (1999) |
| Macroalgae 5 spp. | 224 | 38 | 16.9 | lb | Spain | Lemos et al. (1985) |
| Macroalgae 7 spp. | 280 | 60 | 21 | env | Scotland | Boyd et al. (1999) |
| Brown algae 9 spp. | 116 | 23 | 20 | lb, env | Japan | Kanagasabhapathy et al. (2006) |
| Red algae 9 spp. | 92 | 31 | 33 | lb, env | Japan | Kanagasabhapathy et al. (2008) |
| Macroalgae 2 spp. | 325 | 39 | 12 | lb | Australia | Penesyan et al. (2009) |
| Ulva lactuca | 10 | 6 | 60 | env | Fiji | Kumar et al. (2011) |
| INVERTEBRATE | ||||||
| Acropora formosa | 354 | 36 | 10 | lb | India | Chellaram et al. (2011) |
| Anoxycalyx joubini | 38 | – | 90 | env | Antarctica | Mangano et al. (2009) |
| Balanus amphitrite | 28 | 4 | 14.3 | lb | India | Jebasingh and Murugan (2011) |
| Bryozoa 14 spp. | 340 | 101 | 29.7 | lb | MS, BS | Heindl et al. (2010) |
| Coral 2 spp. | 352 | 46 | 13 | lb, env | India | Gnanambal et al. (2005) |
| Coral 9 spp. | 78 | 19 | 24.3 | lb, env | Israel | Shnit-Orland and Kushmaro (2009) |
| Echinoderms 2 spp. | 9 | 9 | 100 | lb | India | |
| Favia palida | 335 | 41 | 13 | lb | India | Chellaram et al. (2011) |
| Haliclona simulans | 52 | 30 | 57.6 | lb | Ireland | Kennedy et al. (2009) |
| Haliclona sp. | 56 | 8 | 14.3 | lb | Indonesia | Radjasa et al. (2007) |
| Invertebrates 14 spp. | 105 | 14 | 13 | lb, env | Australia | Wilson et al. (2011) |
| Invertebrates spp. | 290 | 54 | 18.6 | lb | Venezuela | Castillo et al. (2001) |
| Lissodendoryx nobilis | 37 | – | 62.2 | env | Antarctica | Mangano et al. (2009) |
| Mycale adhaerens | 20 | 15 | 75 | env | Hong Kong | Lee and Qian (2004) |
| Penaeus monodon | 185 | 49 | 26.3 | env | India | Shakila et al. (2006) |
| Petrosia ficiformis | 57 | 5 | 8.7 | lb, env | Italy | Chelossi et al. (2004) |
| Sarcophyton sp. | 98 | 6 | 6.3 | env | Indonesia | Sabdono and Radjasa (2006) |
| Sponge 2 spp. | 238 | 27 | 11.3 | lb | MS | Hentschel et al. (2001) |
| Sponge 4 spp. | 28 | 4 | 14.3 | lb | India | Nair et al. (2011) |
| Sponge 11 spp. | 20 | 10 | 50 | lb | MS | Abdelmohsen et al. (2010) |
| Sponge 9 spp. | 158 | 12 | 7.6 | lb | Brazil | Santos et al. (2010) |
| Sponge 10 spp. | 2562 | 283 | 15.2 | lb | MS | Muscholl-Silberhorn et al. (2008) |
| Sponge 4 spp. | 75 | 16 | 21 | lb | India | Anand et al. (2006) |
| Sponge 5 spp. | 26 | 21 | 80.7 | lb | India | Gandhimathi et al. (2008) |
| Sponge 4 spp. | 94 | 58 | 61.7 | lb | India | Dharmaraj and Sumantha (2009) |
Where lb, laboratory test strains, env, wild strains, BS, Baltic Sea, MS, Mediterranean Sea. Note that only exceptionally natural concentrations were known, and test concentrations may differ substantially from these.