Table 1.

Strategies for prevention of anthracycline-related congestive heart failure.

Type of prevention	Definition	Examples
Primary prevention	Preventing the initial development of a disease	(i) Limit lifetime anthracycline exposure (ii) Less cardiotoxic analogues  (a) Epirubicin  (b) Idarubicin  (c) Mitoxantrone (iii) Alternative drug administration schedules  (a) Bolus versus continuous infusion (iv) Cardioprotectants  (a) Dexrazoxane
Secondary prevention	Prevention of disease before onset of signs and symptoms of illness	(i) Adoption of healthy lifestyle (ii) Aggressive management of modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) (iii) Pharmacologic intervention  (a) ACE inhibitors  (b) β blockers
Tertiary prevention	Reducing the impact of the disease	(i) Pharmacologic intervention  (a) ACE inhibitors  (b) β blockers