Table 1.
Total sample | Average processing speed (n = 114) | Below a ve ra ge processing speed (n = 165) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 62.1 ± 12.4 | 56.1 ± 12.1 | 66.3 ± 11.9 | <.001 |
Male | 179 (64.2) | 62 (54.4) | 117 (70.9) | .005 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White | 175 (62.7) | 86 (75.4) | 89 (53.9) | <.001 |
Non white | 104 (37.3) | 28 (24.6) | 76 (46.1) | |
Income | .021 | |||
More than enough | 98 (35.1) | 43 (37.7) | 55 (33.3) | |
Sufficient | 136 (48.8) | 61 (53.5) | 75 (45.5) | |
Less than enough | 45 (16.1) | 10 (8.8) | 35 (21.2) | |
Years of education | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 14.9 ± 3.1 | 13.2 ± 2.5 | <.001 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 31.0 ± 7.9 | 29.4 ± 7.5 | 32.0 ± 8.1 | .006 |
Exercise | .002 | |||
None | 57 (20.4) | 19 (16.7) | 38 (23.0) | |
Minimal | 103 (36.9) | 32 (28.1) | 71 (43.0) | |
Adequate | 119 (42.7) | 63 (55.3) | 56 (34.0) | |
Charlson comorbidity severity | <.001 | |||
Low | 148 (53.1) | 79 (69.3) | 69 (41.8) | |
Moderate | 101 (36.2) | 32 (28.1) | 69 (41.8) | |
High | 30 (10.7) | 3 (2.6) | 27 (16.4) | |
NYHA functional class | ||||
Classes I and II | 66 (23.7) | 33 (28.9) | 33 (20.0) | .188 |
Class III | 163 (58.4) | 63 (55.3) | 100 (60.6) | |
Class IV | 50 (17.9) | 18 (15.8) | 32 (19.4) | |
Ejection fraction | 35.5 ± 17.0 | 34.5 ± 16.0 | 36.2 ± 17.6 | .404 |
ACE inhibitor | 161 (57.7) | 75 (65.8) | 86 (52.1) | .023 |
Beta blocker | 258 (92.5) | 107 (93.9) | 151 (91.5) | .466 |
Mean arterial pressure | 84.7 ± 12.0 | 82.6 ± 11.4 | 86.1 ± 12.2 | .016 |
Epworth sleepiness scale score ≥ 11 | 66 (23.7) | 23 (20.2) | 43 (26.1) | .256 |
Basel medication adherence scale | 0.96 ± 0.94 | 1.10 ± 0.95 | 0.90 ± 0.94 | .193 |
ANART correct responses | 56.8 ± 1.4 | 57.3 ± 1.3 | 56.4 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
Digit symbol substitution task total score | 53.4 ± 17.5 | 69.4 ± 11.0 | 42.3 ± 11.5 | <.001 |
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ANART: American National Adult Reading Test; NYHA: New York Heart Association.