Table 1.
Selected studies on rodents as carriers of human pathogens on pig and chicken farms
| Pathogen studied | Reference | Rodent species | Country | Location | Detection method | Detection rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella Enteritidis | Davies and Wray (14) | Mice | Great Britain | Broiler & layer breeder flocks | Culture | 29/84 |
| Salmonella Enteritidis | Lapuz, Tani et al. (106) | R. rattus | Japan | Layer farms | Culture | 113/851 |
| Salmonella Infantis | 158/851 | |||||
| Salmonella Livingstone | Meerburg, Jacobs-Reitsma et al. (11) | R. norvegicus | Ns | Organic farms | Culture | 0/8 |
| M. musculus | 1/83 | |||||
| Salmonella spp. | Pocock, Searle et al. (18) | M. musculus domesticus | UK | Mixed farms | Culture | 0/341 |
| Salmonella Enteritidis | Henzler and Opitz (16) | M. musculus | USA | Poultry farms | Culture | 116/715 |
| Salmonella sp. | Le Moine, Vannier et al. (107) | R. norvegicus | France | Pig farms | Culture | 1/40 |
| M. musculus | 2/34 | |||||
| Campylobacter spp. | Meerburg, Jacobs-Reitsma et al. (11) | R. norvegicus | ns | Organic farms | Culture | 1/8 |
| M. musculus | 8/83 | |||||
| Campylobacter jejuni | Le Moine, Vannier et al. (107) | R. norvegicus | France | Pig farms | Culture | 16/40 |
| M. musculus | 4/34 | |||||
| Yersinia spp. biotype 1A | Pocock, Searle et al. (18) | M. musculus | UK | Mixed farms | Culture | 21/354 |
| Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica O:3 | Aldova, Cerny et al. (24) | R. rattus | Czechoslovakia | Pig houses | Culture | 16/96 |
| Y. enterocolitica O:3 | Pokorna and Aldova (108) | R. rattus | Czechoslovakia | Pig houses | Culture | 5/36 |
| Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 | Kaneko, Hamada et al. (25) | R. norvegicus | Japan | Slaughter-house, barn, zoo | Culture | 2/270 |
| R. rattus | ||||||
| Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 | Backhans, Fellström et al. (26) | R. norvegicus | Sweden | Pig farm | TaqMan PCR | 7/56 |
| M. musculus | 2/120 | |||||
| Y. pseudotuberculosis | Pocock, Searle et al. (18) | M. musculus | UK | Mixed farms | Culture | 1/354 |
| Y. pseudotuberculosis | Kaneko, Hamada et al. (35) | R. norvegicus | Japan | Barn | Culture | 8/259 |
| R. rattus | 0/11 | |||||
| Y. pseudotuberculosis | Aldova, Cerny et al. (24) | R. rattus | Czechoslovakia | Pig houses | Culture | 16/178 |
| R. norvegicus | ||||||
| Y. pseudotuberculosis | Backhans, Fellström et al. (26) | R. norvegicus | Sweden | Pig farm | TaqMan PCR | 0/56 |
| M. musculus | 1/120 | |||||
| Cryptosporidium parvum | Quy, Cowan et al. (65) | R. norvegicus | UK | Farms | IFAT | 105/438 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | Webster and MacDonald (66) | R. norvegicus | UK | Rural | Modified Ziehl-Nielsen | 46/73 |
| Leptospira spp. | Webster, Ellis et al. (40) | R. norvegicus | UK | Mixed farms | MAT, ELISA, cultivation | 37/259 |
| Listeria spp. | Webster, Ellis et al. (109) | R. norvegicus | UK | Rural | Cultivation | 5/44 |
| Trichinella spiralis | Stojcevic, Zivicnjak et al. (61) | R. norvegicus | Croatia | Pig farms | ns | 18/2287 |
| Trichinella spiralis | Leiby, Duffy et al. (110) | R. norvegicus | USA | Pig farm | Peptic digestion | 188/443 |
| Toxoplasma gondii | Kijlstra, Meerburg et al. (50) | R. rattus | Netherlands | Organic pig farms | TaqMan PCR | 4/39 |
| M. musculus | 2/31 | |||||
| Toxoplasma gondii | Smith, Zimmerman et al. (56) | R. norvegicus | USA | Pig farms | Serology (MAT) | 0/9 |
| M. musculus | 2/588 | |||||
| Toxoplasma gondii | Webster (111) | R. norvegicus | UK | Rural | ILAT ELISA | 84/235 |
| Hantavirus | Webster (111) | R. norvegicus | UK | Rural | ELISA | 5/173 |
R, Rattus; M, Mus; ns, not specified; IFAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; MAT, microscopic agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ILAT, indirect latex agglutination test.