Table 1.

Phenotypic characteristics^athat can be useful to differentiate the speciesC. shigense,C. piscicola,C.chaponenseandF. psychrophilum

Characteristic	C. shigense	C. piscicola	C.chaponense	F. psychrophilumb
Growth at/with:
37 C	-	-	+	-
3.0 % NaCl	w	+	-	-
Flexirubin-type pigment	+	+	-	+
Hydrolysis of:
Casein	+	-	-	+
L-tyrosine	+	-	-	V
Gelatin	+	+	-	+
Starch	+	+	-	-
DNA	-	w	-	-
Enzyme activity:
α-glucosidase	-	+	+	V
β -glucosidase	-	+	+	V
β-galactosidase	-	-	-	V

^a Data for C. shigense are taken from this study, for C. piscicola from reference Ilardi et al. [8], for C. chaponense from reference Kämpfer et al. [11] and for F. psychrophilum from references Bernardet et al. [23], Cipriano and Holt [18] and Hesami et al. [24]. ^bF. psychrophilum differs also from C. shigense by its inability to utilize glucose as sole carbon source, to hydrolyze aesculin and to produce a brown diffusible pigment on tyrosine agar. +, Positive reaction; -, negative reaction; V, variable reaction; w, weak reaction.