Figure 3. Increased pulse dampener volume reduces pulsation in a peristaltic, closed-loop system.

Flow waveforms were recorded using pulse dampeners of varying total volumes. The inlets and outlets were placed at the middle and lower positions, respectively, and the liquid to volume ratio was set to 0.40. Relative pulsation was calculated as the peak-to-peak measurement divided by the mean flow rate. *Significantly different values from the other three conditions (p <0.05).