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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Skin Wound Care. 2012 Aug;25(8):349–370. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000418541.31366.a3

Table 1.

ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN CELLULAR RESPONSES TO INJURY AND THEIR CLINICAL USE

Growth Factor Sources Target Cells Clinical Use
PDGF Platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells Neutrophils, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts PDGF-BB is FDA approved for treatment of diabetic ulcers
FGF-1 Macrophages, endothelial cells Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes In clinical trials for spinal cord injuries, burns25,182
FGF-2 Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes In clinical trials for chronic wounds4
FGF-7 Fibroblasts Endothelial cells, keratinocytes FDA approved for treatment of oral mucositis14; in clinical trials for treatment of venous ulcers26
VEGF-A Fibroblasts, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets Endothelial cells, keratinocytes In clinical trials for limb ischemia, coronary ischemia183,184
EGF Platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (HB-EGF), keratinocytes Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells Early clinical trials, not approved53
TGF-β1-β3 Platelets, macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, keratinocytes, fibroblasts TGF-β3 is in clinical trials for pressure ulcers185; avotermin (rh-TGF-β3) is in trials for treatment of excessive scarring186

Abbreviations: EGF, epidermal growth factor; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; HB, heparin-binding; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; rh, recombinant human; TGF, transforming growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.