Table 2.
DNA Carriers | Delivery Mode | Growth Factors Tested | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Plasmids | “Gene gun” | PDGF | Increased wound tensile strength164 |
EGF | Increased epithelialization, granulation tissue165 | ||
Injection via microneedles | EGF | Increase in transgene expression, effects on wound healing are not reported167 | |
Electroporation | FGF-7 | Increased wound epithelialization169 | |
VEGF | Improved skin flap healing170 | ||
Liposomal formulations | FGF-1 | Accelerated wound closure171 | |
IGF/KGF | Increased collagen deposition, VEGF production, improved healing173 | ||
Viral delivery | |||
Adenoviruses | Topical application | VEGF | Improved angiogenesis and wound healing174 |
“Gene gun” | Erb3 + topical EGF | Improved epithelialization64 | |
Injection via microneedles | VEGF | No effect on wound healing168 | |
Adeno-associated viruses | Intradermal injection | VEGF | Increased angiogenesis and rate of wound healing176,177 |
Retroviruses | Ex vivo cell transfection followed by transplantation into animals | PDGF | Increase epithelial thickness and angiogeneis187 |
Abbreviations: EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.