Table 4.
Characteristics associated with willingness to accept a face transplant or donate a face for transplantation*
| Willingness to Accept a Face Transplant | Willingness to Donate a Face After Death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
| Age | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | .26 | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | .04 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Women | 1.42 (1.13-1.78) | <.01 | 1.75 (1.39-2.21) | <.01 |
| Country | ||||
| France | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| United States | 1.05 (0.48-2.32) | .90 | 0.65 (0.33-1.27) | .21 |
| United Kingdom | 0.76 (0.34-1.70) | .50 | 0.80 (0.39-1.62) | .53 |
| Iraq | 0.72 (0.23-2.21) | .72 | 0.26 (0.01-0.72) | .01 |
| Japan | 0.30 (0.13-0.72) | <.01 | 0.84 (0.39-1.82) | .67 |
| Singapore | 0.43 (0.18-1.02) | .43 | 0.29 (0.13-0.64) | <.01 |
| Brazil | 1.90 (0.74-4.87) | .18 | 1.82 (0.85-3.8) | .12 |
| Australia | 0.49 (0.21-1.14) | .10 | 0.53 (0.25-1.11) | .09 |
| Taiwan | 0.85 (0.35-2.05) | .71 | 0.52 (0.24-1.14) | .10 |
| Korea | 0.75 (0.31-1.83) | .53 | 0.28 (0.13-0.61) | <.01 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Secondary school | 0.73 (0.38-1.42) | .36 | 3.55 (1.46-8.67) | <.01 |
| Tertiary education | 0.87 (0.48-1.60) | .66 | 3.71 (1.57-8.80) | <.01 |
| University degree | 0.86 (0.48-1.56) | .62 | 4.83 (2.08-11.26) | <.01 |
| Postgraduate degree | 0.95 (0.49-1.84) | .87 | 6.04 (2.49-14.65) | <.01 |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Catholic | 0.67 (0.46-0.96) | .03 | 0.78 (0.56-1.10) | .15 |
| Buddhist | 1.35 (0.86-2.13) | .20 | 0.97 (0.61-1.54) | .90 |
| Jewish | 0.94 (0.42-2.08) | .87 | 0.45 (0.23-0.90) | .02 |
| Muslim | 1.40 (0.60-3.25) | .44 | 0.51 (0.23-1.13) | .10 |
| Hindu | 0.56 (0.25-1.24) | .15 | 0.76 (0.33-1.75) | .52 |
| Others | 0.77 (0.51-1.17) | .22 | 0.71 (0.47-1.05) | .90 |
| No religion | 1.62 (1.00-2.63) | .05 | 1.24 (0.80-1.92) | .34 |
| Organ donor card status | ||||
| Noncarriers | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Carriers | 0.90 (0.65-1.25) | <.53 | 0.86 (0.63-1.17) | .34 |
| Previous surgery | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 1.08 (0.84-1.38) | .55 | 1.06 (0.83-1.35) | .64 |
| Would have cosmetic surgery | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 2.08 (1.63-2.65) | <.01 | 0.92 (0.73-1.16) | .47 |
| Would have surgery if disfigured | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 2.79 (2.05-3.80) | <.01 | 1.01 (0.72-1.43) | .93 |
| Experience of organ transplant | ||||
| No family member with transplant | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Family member with transplant | 0.68 (0.41-1.13) | .14 | 1.01 (0.60-1.70) | .97 |
| Would accept organ transplant | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 2.04 (1.60-2.60) | <.01 | 1.45 (1.13-1.88) | <.01 |
| Awareness of first face transplant | ||||
| Not aware | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Aware | 1.91 (1.49-2.45) | <.01 | 1.20 (0.95-1.53) | .13 |
CI indicates confidence interval.
*Values in bold indicate a statistical significance.