Table 4. Univariate and multivariate* logistic regression on relationship between risk factors and HIV (N = 396).
| Variable | Sub category | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P-value | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Education | |||||
| No university education | 1 | 1 | |||
| Some university education | 1.11 (0.62–1.99) | 0.73 | 1.07 (0.59–1.96) | 0.82 | |
| Age | |||||
| Less than 25 years old | 1 | 1 | |||
| 25–27 years old | 1.05 (0.43–2.57) | 0.91 | 1.11 (0.45–2.76) | 0.82 | |
| 28–30 years old | 1.56 (0.67–3.65) | 0.30 | 1.62 (0.68–3.84) | 0.27 | |
| Over 30 years old | 1.27 (0.54–2.99) | 0.58 | 1.24 (0.52–3.00 | 0.63 | |
| Increasing personal network size | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.01 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.01 | |
| Increasing income | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 0.70 | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 0.46 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Not single | 1 | 1 | |||
| Single | 0.99 (0.56–1.77) | 0.98 | 1.12 (0.60–2.09) | 0.91 | |
| Access to condoms | |||||
| Difficult or easier access to condoms | 1 | 1 | |||
| Very difficult access to free condoms | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.13 | 0.62 (0.34–1.15) | 0.27 | |
| Access to lubricants | |||||
| Difficult or easier access to lubricants | 1 | 1 | |||
| Very difficult access to lubricants | 1.08 (0.58–2.02) | 0.80 | 0.98 (0.51–1.86) | 0.69 | |
| HIV knowledge** | |||||
| Incorrect answer on at least one HIV question | 1 | 1 | |||
| Knows correct answer to all four HIV questions | 4.36 (1.37–13.88) | 0.01 | 4.56 (1.41–14.78) | 0.02 | |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Identifies as heterosexual or bisexual | 1 | 1 | |||
| Self-identifies as “gay/homosexual” | 1.66 (0.87–3.17) | 0.13 | 1.64 (0.86–3.15) | 0.13 | |
| HIV testing | |||||
| Never tested for HIV | 1 | 1 | |||
| Ever tested for HIV | 1.59 (0.89–2.86) | 0.12 | 1.51 (0.82–2.80) | 0.20 | |
| Circumcised | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.92 (0.52–1.66) | 0.79 | 0.99 (0.54–1.80) | 0.79 | |
| STI symptoms | |||||
| Did not report STI symptoms in last 12 months | 1 | 1 | |||
| STI symptoms last 12 months | 0.90 (0.38–2.12) | 0.81 | 0.91 (0.38–2.17) | 0.81 | |
| Health care access | |||||
| Not been to doctor in last 12 months | 1 | 0.56 | 1 | ||
| Been to doctor in last 12 months | 0.82 (0.44–1.56) | 0.56 | 0.77 (0.40–1.48) | 0.56 | |
| Exchange sex | |||||
| No transactional sex in last 12 months | 1 | 1 | |||
| Transactional sex in the last 12 months | 0.85 (0.43–1.69) | 0.64 | 0.86 (0.43–1.72) | 0.46 | |
| HIV counseling | |||||
| No HIV counseling recently | 1 | 1 | |||
| Met with HIV/STI counselor in last 12 months on male-male sex | 1.50 (0.74–3.03) | 0.26 | 1.50 (0.74–3.05) | 0.56 | |
| Unprotected anal sex with any partner in the last 12 months | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.33 (0.64–2.76) | 0.45 | 1.31 (0.63–2.74) | 0.60 | |
| Unprotected insertive anal sex in last 12 months | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.49 (0.81–2.74) | 0.20 | 1.47 (0.80–2.70) | 0.21 | |
| Unprotected receptive anal sex in last 12 months | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.94 (1.02–3.72) | 0.04 | 2.00 (1.04–3.84) | 0.04 | |
| Had concurrent sexual partnerships with at least two people in the last 12 months | |||||
| Did not have concurrent partnerships | 1 | 1 | |||
| Male and female partners | 0.38 (0.13–1.08) | 0.07 | 0.36 (0.12–1.03) | 0.08 | |
| Male partners | 0.72 (0.34–1.49) | 0.37 | 0.62 (0.28–1.36) | 0.23 | |
| Use of water- and silicon-based lube in last 12 months | |||||
| Not always use lube during anal sex | 1 | 1 | |||
| Always use lube during anal sex | 0.92 (0.50–1.69) | 0.79 | 0.84 (0.44–1.58) | 0.42 | |
| Binge drinking (five or more drinks in one session) in last 30 days | |||||
| No binge drinking | 1 | 1 | |||
| At least one binge drinking | 1.08 (0.59–1.94) | 0.81 | 1.08 (0.60–1.96) | 0.81 | |
| Noninjection drug use in last 12 months | |||||
| Did not use noninjection drugs | 1 | 1 | |||
| Used noninjection drugs | 0.77 (0.36–1.65) | 0.50 | 0.81 (0.37–1.77) | 0.44 | |
| Injection drug use | |||||
| Never injected drugs | 1 | 1 | |||
| Ever injected drugs | 1.85 (0.76–4.50) | 0.18 | 1.98 (0.80–4.88) | 0.15 | |
| Internet use to look for sexual partners in last 12 months | |||||
| Did not use internet to look for partners | 1 | 1 | |||
| Used internet to look for partners | 0.83 (0.45–1.53) | 0.55 | 0.85 (0.46–1.56) | 0.55 |
*
Adjusted for age, educational level and social network size in the statistical model.
**
Questions were: “What type of sex puts you most at risk for HIV infection?”; “What type of anal sex puts you most at risk for HIV infection?”; “Can you get HIV from using a needle to inject drugs?”; “What is the safest kind of lubricant for anal sex?”.