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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2012 May 23;5(6):623–634. doi: 10.1038/mi.2012.36

Figure 1. Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli DNA differ in their capacity to restore intestinal effector immune responses in antibiotic-treated mice.

Figure 1

A cocktail of antibiotics (ATB) in the drinking water was given to 3-week-old mice. Six weeks after the start of the ATB regimen, mice received oral weekly treatments consisting of PBS alone (ATB) or containing 100 µg of CpG ODN 1826 (CpG), 500 µg of DNA from Lactobacillus paracasei (Lacto) or 500 µg of DNA from Escherichia coli (E. coli). Control mice (Ctrl) received regular water and no treatment. All mice were orally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi 8 weeks after the beginning of the ATB course. (a) shows ELISA of IFN-γ and IL-17 in supernatants of bulk leukocyte preparations from spleen and small intestine lamina propria (LP) of 11 days post-infected mice, restimulated with E. cuniculi-infected BMDC for 72 hrs. Histograms represent the mean cytokine concentration of triplicate wells ± SD (** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001). (b) Parasite burden was evaluated in duodenum 11 days after infection by quantitative real-time PCR. Each dot represents one mouse and each bar represents the mean of three of four mice analysed (** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001). All data shown are representative of two independent experiments with similar results.