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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Sep 27;12(11):1364–1366. doi: 10.1038/nn.2407

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Repeated or single trial conditioning provides negative reinforcement and unmasks spontaneous neuropathic pain. (a) RVM lidocaine (4%, wt/vol, 0.5 μl) induced chamber preference in SNL rats. * P < 0.05 (two-factor repeated ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test versus pre-conditioning value). (b) Single-trial conditioning with RVM lidocaine produced chamber preference in SNL rats. (c) Single trial conditioning with spinal clonidine (10 μg) increased the time spent in the paired chamber of rats with SNL, but not sham-operated rats, with a corresponding decrease in the saline-paired chamber. Graphs represent mean ± s.e.m. (n = 6).