Table 1. Description of the measures included in the analysis.
| Phenotype name | Description | References |
|---|---|---|
| Language | Composite of three language tests | 8 |
| Reading | Composite of four reading tests | 8 |
| Verbal ability | Composite of two verbal tests | 8 |
| Nonverbal ability | Composite of two nonverbal tests | 8 |
| IQ | Composite of two verbal tests and two nonverbal tests | 8 |
| Mathematics | Composite of three mathematics tests | 8 |
| School English | Teacher assessment of English attainment, with reference to the Key Stages of the UK National Curriculum | http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/ |
| School Mathematics | Teacher assessment of mathematics attainment, with reference to the Key Stages of the UK National Curriculum | http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/ |
| School Science | Teacher assessment of science attainment, with reference to the Key Stages of the UK National Curriculum | http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/ |
| School achievement | Teacher assessment of educational attainment, with reference to the Key Stages of the UK National Curriculum (composite of the three core subjects) | http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/ |
| Parent ASD social | Social subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (parent-rated) | 27,28 |
| Teacher ASD social | Social subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (teacher-rated) | 27,28 |
| Parent ASD nonsocial | Nonsocial subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (parent-rated) | 27,28 |
| Teacher ASD nonsocial | Nonsocial subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (teacher-rated) | 27,28 |
| Parent ASD comms | Communication subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (parent-rated) | 27,28 |
| Teacher ASD comms | Communication subscale of the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (teacher-rated) | 27,28 |
| Parent ASD total | Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test composite (parent-rated) | 27,28 |
| Teacher ASD total | Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test composite (teacher-rated) | 27,28 |
| ADHD hyperactivity | Hyperactivity subscale of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale | 29 |
| ADHD inattention | Inattention subscale of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale | 29 |
| ADHD total | Conners' Parent Rating Scale composite | 29 |
| Moods and feelings | Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 30 |
| Parent prosocial | Prosocial subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher prosocial | Prosocial subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent hyperactivity | Hyperactivity subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher hyperactivity | Hyperactivity subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent conduct | Conduct subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher conduct | Conduct subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent peers | Peers subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher peers | Peers subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent emotional | Emotional subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher emotional | Emotional subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent behavior | Composite of the problem behavior subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parent-rated) | 31,32 |
| Teacher behavior | Composite of the problem behavior subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (teacher-rated) | 31,32 |
| Parent callous | Callous-unemotional subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (parent-rated) | 33,34 |
| Teacher callous | Callous-unemotional subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (teacher-rated) | 33,34 |
| Parent narcissism | Narcissism subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (parent-rated) | 33,34 |
| Teacher narcissism | Narcissism subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (teacher-rated) | 33,34 |
| Parent impulsivity | Impulsivity subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (parent-rated) | 33,34 |
| Teacher impulsivity | Impulsivity subscale of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (teacher-rated) | 33,34 |
| Parent antisocial | Composite of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (parent-rated) | 33,34 |
| Teacher antisocial | Composite of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (teacher-rated) | 33,34 |
| Height | Height in meters | |
| Weight | Weight in kilograms | |
| BMI | Weight in kilograms, divided by height in meters squared |
Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index.