Fig. 3.

The gene expression and the total activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize mesophyll protoplasts transiently expressing ZmCCaMK. (A) The expression of ZmCCaMK, SOD4, and cAPX. Protoplasts isolated from the leaves of maize were transfected with constructs carrying YFP-ZmCCaMK (ZmCCaMK), and control protoplasts were transfected with empty vector (Vector). Relative expression of antioxidant enzymes was analysed by RT-PCR, and was normalized to GAPDH transcript levels. Experiments were repeated at least three times with similar results. (B and C) The activities of SOD and APX. Protoplasts were isolated as described in A, and the activities of SOD and APX were measured as described in the Materials and methods. Values are means ±SE of three different experiments. Means denoted by the same letter did not differ significantly at P < 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.