Figure 9. C. difficile spores affect viability of Raw 264.7 cells.

Monolayers of Raw 264.7 cells were infected for 24 (grey bars) and 48 h (black bars) with C. difficile spores at MOIs of 1 and 10 and effects on Raw 264.7 cells was measured by quantification of: A) dead Raw 264.7 cells with ethidium homodimer-1; or B) live Raw 264.7 cells with calcein AM. Results were also confirmed with: C) cell viability assay with the membrane impermeable trypan blue as described in Methods section. Dark cells indicate disruption of the plasma membrane. Double asterisk indicate statistical significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments highlighted by brackets. Results are the average of at least three independent experiments and error bars are standard error of the mean.