Table 3.

Non-occupational risk factors for regional pain in the past 12 months

		N	Low Back Pain (n =125)‡				Neck Pain (n =135)‡				Shoulder Pain (n =124)‡				Elbow Pain (n = 50)‡				Wrist/hand pain (n = 79)‡
			No	(%)	OR	95% CI	No	(%)	OR	95% CI	No	(%)	OR	95% CI	No	(%)	OR	95% CI	No	(%)	OR	95% CI
Sex
	M	135	64	(47)	1	-	65	(48)	1	-	57	(42)	1	-	32	(24)	1	-	39	(29)	1	-
	F	108	61	(56)	1.4	0.9-2.4	70	(65)	2.0	1.2-3.3	67	(62)	2.2	1.3-3.8	18	(17)	0.6	0.3-1.2	40	(37)	1.4	0.8-2.5
Age (years)
	<40	86	43	(50)	1	-	51	(59)	1	-	50	(58)	1	-	8	(9)	1	-	30	(35)	1	-
	40-50	80	46	(58)	1.4	0.7-2.5	47	(59)	1.0	0.5-1.8	45	(56)	0.9	0.5-1.7	20	(25)	3.3	1.3-7.9	27	(34)	1.0	0.5-1.8
	>50	75	35	(47)	0.9	0.5-1.6	35	(47)	0.6	0.3-1.1	28	(37)	0.4	0.2-0.8	22	(29)	4.1	1.6-9.8	21	(28)	0.7	0.4-1.4
Smoking
	Never	169	87	(52)	1	-	92	(54)	1	-	86	(51)	1	-	34	(20)	1	-	55	(33)	1	-
	Ever	74	38	(51)	1.0	0.6-1.7	43	(58)	1.2	0.7-2.0	38	(51)	1.0	0.6-1.8	16	(22)	1.1	0.6-2.1	24	(32)	1.0	0.6-1.8
Somatising score†
	Low	83	31	(37)	1	-	37	(45)	1	-	29	(35)	1	-	9	(11)	1	-	19	(23)	1	-
	Medium	89	45	(51)	1.7	0.9-3.2	47	(53)	1.4	0.8-2.5	42	(47)	1.7	0.9-3.1	22	(25)	2.7	1.2-6.3	30	(34)	1.7	0.9-3.4
	High	71	49	(69)	3.7	1.9-7.3	51	(72)	3.2	1.6-6.2	53	(75)	5.5	2.7-11.0	19	(27)	3.0	1.3-7.2	30	(42)	2.5	1.2-4.9
Mood*
	Normal	154	77	(50)	1	-	72	(47)	1	-	69	(45)	1	-	32	(21)	1	-	45	(29)	1	-
	Low	86	47	(55)	1.2	0.7-2.0	61	(71)	2.8	1.6-4.9	54	(63)	2.1	1.2-3.6	18	(21)	1.0	0.5-1.9	34	(40)	1.6	0.9-2.8

^‡Some respondents did not answer all of the questions

^†Cut-points represent approximate thirds of the total distribution of somatisation scores

^*Low = Worst approximate third of the total distribution of SF36 mental health scale