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. 2012 Aug 9;3:318. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00318

Table 1.

Summary of the extent of caloric restriction and its effect on tumor growth.

Mice/Rat strain Control intake (type or kcal/day) Calorie restriction Outcome Reference
Amount in kcal/day % Restriction with respect to ad-libitum diet
Female sprague dawley rats 50 kcal/day 35 kcal/day 30 Decreased MNU induced carcinoma Bunk et al., 1992
Sukling male lewis rats 84 kcal/day ~75.6 kcal/day, ~71.5 kcal/day, ~67.3 kcal/day, ~58.9 kcal/day 10, 15, 20, 30 CR inhibited Azaserine-induced preneoplastic lesion The inhibition increased with more severe restriction regimens Roebuck et al., 1993
Balb/c Ad-libitum (standard chow diet) or high energy diet - 30 CR reduced tumor growth and metastasis in aggressive model of hormone independent breast cancer in syngeneic model using triple negative 66cl4 tumor cells in Balb/c mice Phoenix et al., 2010
Apc (Min) mouse Ad-libitum AIN-76A diet - 40 Intestinal polyp was reduced by 57% by CR Mai et al., 2003
Male FischerX cophenhagen F1 rats Ad-libitum AIN-76A diet (61–69 kcal/day) ~44.53 kcal/day

  • (1) 30% total diet restriction

  • (2) 30% carbohydrate restriction

  • (3) 30% lipid restriction

 Each of the 3 different restriction diets inhibited R3327 tumor to the same extent Mukherjee et al., 1999
Adult male SCID mice Ad-libitum AIN-76A diet (15.4 kcal/day) 11.1 kcal/day

  • (1) 30% total diet restriction

  • (2) 30% carbohydrate restriction

  • (3) 30% lipid restriction

 Each of the 3 different restriction diets inhibited LNGP human carcinoma to the same extent Mukherjee et al., 1999
C57BL/6J and BALBc/J-SCID Ad-libitum PROLAB Chow diet (18 to up to 24 kcal/day) 13 kcal/day 30% CR reduced intra- cerebral CT-2A tumor growth and angiogenesis in syngeneic CT-2A experimental mouse brain tumor Mukherjee et al., 2002
C57BL/6J and BALBc/J-SCID Ad-libitum PROLAB Chow diet (12–14 to up to 20–24 kcal/day) - 40% CR decreased vascularity (factor VIII) and increased apoptosis in three distinct models of brain tumor (a) A malignant mouse astrocytoma (CT-2A) (b) A human glioma (U87-MG) (c) Mouse ependymoblastoma Mukherjee et al., 2004
C57BL/6 Ad-libitum - 30% CR inhibited MMTV-Wnt1 tumor growth in mouse model of post-menopausal obesity Nogueira et al., 2012
VM/DK (VM) Ad-libitum - 60% CR effectively reduce malignant brain tumor growth in VM-M3 GBM model Shelton et al., 2010