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. 2012 Sep;18(9):844–849. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0363

Table 2.

Associations of Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors with CAM Services Use in SCCS 2002–2009 Sample

 
All participants (N=69,214)
AAs (N=50,176)
Whites (N=19,038)
 
Variables % of sample Adjusted ORsb 95% CI Adjusted ORsb 95% CI Adjusted ORsb 95% CI p for interactiona
Age at interview
 40–49 48.1 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.003
 50–59 33.2 0.94 0.89, 1.00 0.94 0.87, 1.01 0.90 0.81, 1.00  
 60–79 18.7 0.74 0.68, 0.80 0.65 0.58, 0.72 0.83 0.73, 0.95  
p for trend   <0.001   <0.001   0.011    
Sex
 Male 39.9 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.004
 Female 60.1 1.23 1.16, 1.31 1.16 1.07, 1.25 1.39 1.24, 1.55  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   <0.001   <0.001    
Marital status
 Married/living with a partner 31.5 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.175
 Separated/divorced 34.7 1.07 1.00, 1.14 1.09 1.01, 1.19 1.05 0.93, 1.17  
 Widowed 9.9 0.93 0.84, 1.03 0.93 0.82, 1.06 0.94 0.79, 1.12  
 Never been married 23.8 0.95 0.87, 1.03 0.92 0.83, 1.01 1.07 0.91, 1.27  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   <0.001   0.588    
Educational attainment
 <High school 32.1 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.096
 = High school 35.4 1.15 1.07, 1.23 1.15 1.05, 1.25 1.12 0.98, 1.27  
 Some college 23.7 1.34 1.24, 1.45 1.33 1.21, 1.46 1.35 1.17, 1.54  
 ≥College 8.9 1.78 1.61, 1.96 1.63 1.44, 1.84 1.97 1.67, 2.32  
p for trend   <0.001   <0.001   <0.001    
Annual household income (US$)
 <15,000 60.5 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref.(1.00)   0.307
 15,000–24,999 21.8 1.04 0.97, 1.12 1.03 0.94, 1.12 1.11 0.98, 1.26  
 25,000–49,999 11.8 1.24 1.14, 1.35 1.16 1.04, 1.29 1.37 1.19, 1.58  
 ≥50,000 4.9 1.61 1.43, 1.81 1.48 1.26, 1.74 1.62 1.35,1.94  
p for trend   <0.001   <0.001   <0.001    
Employment status
 Employed 36.2 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref.(1.00)   <0.001
 Unemployed 62.8 1.10 1.04, 1.17 1.24 1.15, 1.33 0.88 0.79, 0.97  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   <0.001   0.008    
Spiritual/religious beliefsc
 Fairly/slightly/not at all 37.0 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref.(1.00)   0.065
 Very 50.7 1.15 1.08, 1.22 1.10 1.02, 1.18 1.23 1.12, 1.36  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   0.013   <0.001    
Cigarette smoking status
 Never 34.6 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref.(1.00)   <0.001
 Former 20.8 1.04 0.97, 1.12 1.08 0.99, 1.18 0.96 0.86, 1.08  
 Current 44.5 0.80 0.75, 0.85 0.89 0.82, 0.97 0.66 0.58, 0.74  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   0.001   <0.001    
Alcohol consumption
 Never or rarely 58.9 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.001
 Monthly 11.9 1.13 1.04, 1.23 1.02 0.92, 1.12 1.30 1.14, 1.49  
 Weekly 19.9 1.10 1.02, 1.18 1.01 0.92, 1.10 1.20 1.04, 1.38  
 Daily 8.9 1.01 0.91, 1.13 0.89 0.78, 1.01 1.31 1.07, 1.62  
p for trend   0.042   0.275   <0.001    
BMI (kg/m2)
 <25 25.7 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.013
 ≥25, <30 28.8 1.10 1.02, 1.18 1.16 1.06, 1.28 1.03 0.91, 1.17  
 ≥30 44.8 1.11 1.04, 1.20 1.22 1.12, 1.34 0.99 0.88, 1.12  
p for trend   0.006   <0.001   0.565    
History of a chronic disease
 No 12.8 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.354
 Yes 87.2 1.34 1.21, 1.47 1.29 1.16, 1.44 1.46 1.19, 1.79  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   <0.001   <0.001    
Health insurance coverage
 No 43.5 ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   ref. (1.00)   0.853
 Yes 56.4 1.19 1.12, 1.26 1.21 1.13, 1.29 1.14 1.03, 1.27  
p for categorical differences   <0.001   <0.001   0.006    
a

Indicates significance levels of interaction between race/ethnicity (African American (AA) and white) and each factor listed in the table.

b

Obtained from logistic regression models with mutual adjustment of the other factors listed in the table, as well as origin of birth, type of community, physician services use, and CHCs.

c

Approximately 12% participants did not disclose their perceived levels of spiritual/religious beliefs.

AAs, African Americans; ORs, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body–mass index.