Table 2.
|
All participants (N=69,214) |
AAs (N=50,176) |
Whites (N=19,038) |
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | % of sample | Adjusted ORsb | 95% CI | Adjusted ORsb | 95% CI | Adjusted ORsb | 95% CI | p for interactiona |
Age at interview | ||||||||
40–49 | 48.1 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.003 | |||
50–59 | 33.2 | 0.94 | 0.89, 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.81, 1.00 | |
60–79 | 18.7 | 0.74 | 0.68, 0.80 | 0.65 | 0.58, 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.73, 0.95 | |
p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | |||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 39.9 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.004 | |||
Female | 60.1 | 1.23 | 1.16, 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.07, 1.25 | 1.39 | 1.24, 1.55 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/living with a partner | 31.5 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.175 | |||
Separated/divorced | 34.7 | 1.07 | 1.00, 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.01, 1.19 | 1.05 | 0.93, 1.17 | |
Widowed | 9.9 | 0.93 | 0.84, 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.82, 1.06 | 0.94 | 0.79, 1.12 | |
Never been married | 23.8 | 0.95 | 0.87, 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.83, 1.01 | 1.07 | 0.91, 1.27 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.588 | |||||
Educational attainment | ||||||||
<High school | 32.1 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.096 | |||
= High school | 35.4 | 1.15 | 1.07, 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.05, 1.25 | 1.12 | 0.98, 1.27 | |
Some college | 23.7 | 1.34 | 1.24, 1.45 | 1.33 | 1.21, 1.46 | 1.35 | 1.17, 1.54 | |
≥College | 8.9 | 1.78 | 1.61, 1.96 | 1.63 | 1.44, 1.84 | 1.97 | 1.67, 2.32 | |
p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Annual household income (US$) | ||||||||
<15,000 | 60.5 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref.(1.00) | 0.307 | |||
15,000–24,999 | 21.8 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.12 | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.12 | 1.11 | 0.98, 1.26 | |
25,000–49,999 | 11.8 | 1.24 | 1.14, 1.35 | 1.16 | 1.04, 1.29 | 1.37 | 1.19, 1.58 | |
≥50,000 | 4.9 | 1.61 | 1.43, 1.81 | 1.48 | 1.26, 1.74 | 1.62 | 1.35,1.94 | |
p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Employment status | ||||||||
Employed | 36.2 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref.(1.00) | <0.001 | |||
Unemployed | 62.8 | 1.10 | 1.04, 1.17 | 1.24 | 1.15, 1.33 | 0.88 | 0.79, 0.97 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | |||||
Spiritual/religious beliefsc | ||||||||
Fairly/slightly/not at all | 37.0 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref.(1.00) | 0.065 | |||
Very | 50.7 | 1.15 | 1.08, 1.22 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 | 1.23 | 1.12, 1.36 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | 0.013 | <0.001 | |||||
Cigarette smoking status | ||||||||
Never | 34.6 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref.(1.00) | <0.001 | |||
Former | 20.8 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.12 | 1.08 | 0.99, 1.18 | 0.96 | 0.86, 1.08 | |
Current | 44.5 | 0.80 | 0.75, 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.82, 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.58, 0.74 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Never or rarely | 58.9 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.001 | |||
Monthly | 11.9 | 1.13 | 1.04, 1.23 | 1.02 | 0.92, 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.14, 1.49 | |
Weekly | 19.9 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.92, 1.10 | 1.20 | 1.04, 1.38 | |
Daily | 8.9 | 1.01 | 0.91, 1.13 | 0.89 | 0.78, 1.01 | 1.31 | 1.07, 1.62 | |
p for trend | 0.042 | 0.275 | <0.001 | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
<25 | 25.7 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.013 | |||
≥25, <30 | 28.8 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.06, 1.28 | 1.03 | 0.91, 1.17 | |
≥30 | 44.8 | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.12, 1.34 | 0.99 | 0.88, 1.12 | |
p for trend | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.565 | |||||
History of a chronic disease | ||||||||
No | 12.8 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.354 | |||
Yes | 87.2 | 1.34 | 1.21, 1.47 | 1.29 | 1.16, 1.44 | 1.46 | 1.19, 1.79 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Health insurance coverage | ||||||||
No | 43.5 | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | ref. (1.00) | 0.853 | |||
Yes | 56.4 | 1.19 | 1.12, 1.26 | 1.21 | 1.13, 1.29 | 1.14 | 1.03, 1.27 | |
p for categorical differences | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 |
Indicates significance levels of interaction between race/ethnicity (African American (AA) and white) and each factor listed in the table.
Obtained from logistic regression models with mutual adjustment of the other factors listed in the table, as well as origin of birth, type of community, physician services use, and CHCs.
Approximately 12% participants did not disclose their perceived levels of spiritual/religious beliefs.
AAs, African Americans; ORs, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body–mass index.