Fig. 5.

Different approaches for ECL immunosensors, with corresponding data and calibration curves. (a) ECL immunosensor employing Au-silica-CdSe-CdS QD nanostructure for the detection of CEA. Immunoassay developed on the sensor surface inhibits electron transfer and decreases ECL intensity. Adapted with permission from reference.⁸⁸ (b) ECL system employing quenching of ECL upon immunocomplex formation. Adapted with permission from reference.⁷⁷ (c) ECL immunosensor assembly employing GOx label as a coreactant to generate ECL. Adapted with permission from reference.⁷⁶ (d) ECL immunosensor developed on SWCNT-modified pyrolytic graphite electrodes using silica-Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ particles. Adapted with permission from reference.⁸⁶