Table I.

Effects of Spray-Drying Conditions and Leucine Content on the Yields, Volume Median Diameter (D_0.5) and Surface Morphology of Shuang-Huang-Lian Particles (Mean ± SD, n = 3)

Sample no.	Leucine (%)	Spray-drying parameters				Yielda	D 0.5 (μm)	Surface morphology
		T in (°C)	FC (mg/ml)	AP (L/h)	FR (ml/min)
1	0	100	10	540	3.75	36.8%	1.96 ± 0.01	S or dimpled
2	1	100	10	540	3.75	52.5%	1.98 ± 0.02	MC
3	5	100	10	540	3.75	59.2%	1.99 ± 0.02	C
4	10	100	10	540	3.75	59.6%	1.98 ± 0.02	C
5	20	100	10	540	3.75	58.7%	2.01 ± 0.02	C
6	10	60	10	540	3.75	46.1%	2.10 ± 0.01	S or MC
7	10	80	10	540	3.75	50.4%	2.05 ± 0.02	MC
8	10	120	10	540	3.75	60.6%	1.98 ± 0.02	C
9	10	140	10	540	3.75	59.2%	1.96 ± 0.01	C
10	10	100	1	540	3.75	23.1%	1.33 ± 0.01	MC
11	10	100	50	540	3.75	60.2%	2.59 ± 0.01	C
12	10	100	10	360	3.75	55.4%	2.63 ± 0.01	C
13	10	100	10	740	3.75	42.6%	1.84 ± 0.01	C or MC
14	10	100	10	540	1.13	62.3%	1.83 ± 0.01	C
15	10	100	10	540	1.88	57.8%	1.90 ± 0.02	C
16	10	100	13	470	3.75	61.5%	2.04 ± 0.02	C
17	10	60	10	540	3.13	55.4%	2.12 ± 0.01	MC
18	10	60	13	600	3.75	47.9%	1.93 ± 0.01	S

T _in inlet temperature, FC feed concentration, AP atomisation pressure, FR feed rate, C corrugated surface, MC moderately corrugated surface, S smooth surface

^aThe solid amount in the feed was maintained at 350 mg