Table 2.

Bivariate Relationships between receiving regular dental care or having had recent dental care and predisposing, enabling, and need factors for dentate rural older adults (N=413).

Predisposing, Enabling, and Need Factors	Regular Dental Care Dentate Participants					Recent Dental Care Dentate Participants
	Yes		No		P-value*	Yes		No		P-value*
	N	Row %	N	Row %		N	Row %	N	Row %
Total Sample	163	39.5	250	60.5		210	50.7	204	49.3
Predisposing Factors
Sex					0.8783					0.8395
Female	91	38.9	144	61.1		121	51.6	114	48.4
Male	72	40.2	107	59.8		89	49.6	90	50.4
Age (years)					0.9338					0.3530
60 to 69	81	39.8	123	60.2		98	47.7	107	52.3
70 and older	82	39.2	127	60.8		112	53.7	96	46.3
Ethnicity					0.0012					0.0019
African American	30	32.7	62	67.3		42	45.7	50	54.3
American Indian	34	26.9	93	73.1		50	39.1	77	60.9
White	99	50.9	95	49.1		118	60.8	76	39.2
Education					<.0001					<.0001
Less than high school	40	20.5	155	79.5		68	34.7	127	65.3
High school graduate	50	44.6	62	55.4		68	60.4	44	39.6
Greater than high school	73	68.7	33	31.1		74	69.9	32	30.1
Dental Anxiety	142	6.30 (0.30)†	218	8.65 (0.38) †	<.0001	189	6.65 (0.30)†	171	8.72 (0.46)†	0.0009
Enabling Factors
Current Employment					0.2749					0.3064
Not currently employed	134	39.9	202	60.1		170	50.6	166	49.4
Part-time	21	45.5	25	54.5		28	60.0	18	40.0
Full-time		25.2	23	74.8		12	37.9	19	62.1
Medicaid					0.0014					0.1323
Yes	20	23.7	64	76.3		35	41.1	49	58.9
No	143	43.6	185	56.4		175	53.4	153	46.6
Poverty Status					<.0001					0.0013
At or Above Poverty Line	144	46.6	164	53		175	56.8	133	43.2
Below Poverty Line	19	18.4	86	81.6		35	32.9	71	67.1
Dental Insurance					0.0016					0.0021
Yes	33	58.8	23	41.2		38	68.2	18	31.8
No	130	36.5	227	63.5		172	48.0	186	52.0
Regular Place for Dental Care					0.0116					0.0003
Yes	154	50.3	152	49.7		188	61.3	118	38.7
No	9	9.0	95	91.0		22	21.1	83	78.9
Social Interaction Score					0.9972					0.9468
0 to 15	47	39.8	70	60.2		57	49.0	60	51.0
6 to 30	45	39.1	70	60.9		60	51.7	56	48.3
31 to 60	71	39.5	109	60.5		93	51.2	88	48.8
Need Factors
Self-rated Oral Health					<.0001					<.0001
Fair or poor	48	22.1	168	77.9		80	37.1	136	62.9
Excellent, very good, good	115	59.0	80	41.0		130	66.3	66	33.7
Number of Teeth					<.0001					0.0002
None	--	--	--	--		--	--	--	--
1 to 10	12	11.2	93	88.8		35	33.4	70	66.6
11 to 20	50	38.3	81	61.7		58	44.6	72	55.4
More than 20	101	57.1	76	42.9		116	65.5	61	34.5
Oral Pain					0.2372					0.3237
Yes	17	29.2	41	70.8		25	42.5	33	57.5
No	146	41.1	209	58.9		185	52.1	170	47.9
Sore or Bleeding Gums					0.2694					0.5423
Yes	22	30.4	50	69.6		33	46.1	39	53.9
No	141	41.4	200	58.6		176	51.7	165	48.3
Periodontal Disease					0.0976					0.4117
Yes	63	34.0	123	66.0		89	48.0	97	52.0
No	100	43.9	127	56.1		120	53.0	107	47.0
Gingival Recession					0.0009					0.0164
1+ teeth above threshold	39	26.6	107	73.4		61	41.7	85	58.3
0 teeth above threshold	88	52.0	81	48.0		102	59.8	68	40.2
Mobility Assessment					0.0311					0.0799
1+ teeth above threshold	19	25.1	57	74.9		31	40.9	45	59.1
0 teeth above threshold	112	42.3	153	57.7		138	52.3	126	47.7
Decayed Teeth					<.0001					<.0001
Yes	27	20.1	108	79.9		43	32.2	92	67.8
No	104	50.3	103	49.7		127	61.0	81	39.0
Filled Teeth					<.0001					<.0001
Yes	126	48.6	133	51.4		151	58.2	108	41.8
No	6	6.7	78	93.3		19	22.9	64	77.1

^*P-values are based on Rao-Scott Chi-Square tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous the variable dental anxiety.

^†Means and standard errors.