Table 5.
Total phenolic contents of fruit residues.
| Fruits | TPC (mg GAE/g) of Peel | TPC (mg GAE/g) of seed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Fat-soluble fraction | Water-soluble fraction | Total | Fat-soluble fraction | Water-soluble fraction | Total | |
| Apple (green) | 2.82 ± 0.09 | 1.07 ± 0.02 | 3.89 ± 0.12 | 3.13 ± 0.41 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 3.64 ± 0.47 |
| Apple (red) | 3.04 ± 0.21 | 1.33 ± 0.15 | 4.37 ± 0.37 | 3.43 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.08 | 4.51 ± 0.23 |
| Avocado | 5.12 ± 0.61 | 2.08 ± 0.02 | 7.20 ± 0.64 | 5.73 ± 0.19 | 2.66 ± 0.08 | 8.39 ± 0.27 |
| Banana | 0.89 ± 0.18 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 1.02 ± 0.19 | - | - | - |
| Black plum | 3.12 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.14 | 4.16 ±0.30 | 3.85 ± 0.30 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 4.28 ± 0.34 |
| Blueberry | 5.79 ± 0.14 | 3.13 ± 0.10 | 8.92 ± 0.24 | - | - | - |
| Cherry | 3.11 ± 0.24 | 1.21 ± 0.10 | 4.32 ±0.34 | 2.32 ± 0.10 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 2.72 ± 0.21 |
| Cherry tomatoes | 2.72 ± 0.13 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 3.07 ± 0.21 | - | - | - |
| Chinese olive | 8.76 ±0.06 | 4.40 ± 0.25 | 13.16 ± 0.32 | - | - | - |
| Durian | - | - | - | 2.70 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ±0.08 | 3.67 ± 0.26 |
| Garland fruit | 2.91 ± 0.18 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | 4.13 ± 0.21 | 3.12 ± 0.06 | 0.85 ±0.09 | 3.97 ± 0.15 |
| Ginseng fruit | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.11 | - | - | - |
| Grape (green) | 2.87 ± 0.004 | 1.91 ± 0.30 | 4.78 ± 0.31 | - | - | - |
| Grape (USA) | 5.85 ± 0.27 | 2.30 ± 0.14 | 8.15 ± 0.41 | 12.14 ± 0.13 | 10.82 ±0.88 | 22.95 ± 1.01 |
| Grapefruit | 4.89 ± 0.18 | 2.00 ± 0.17 | 6.89 ± 0.35 | - | - | - |
| Greengage | 4.05 ±0.08 | 1.48 ± 0.10 | 5.53 ± 0.18 | 2.87 ± 0.32 | 0.83 ±0.08 | 3.70 ± 0.39 |
| Guava | 5.55 ± 0.66 | 1.71 ± 0.21 | 7.26 ± 0.87 | 1.34 ±0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 1.68 ± 0.24 |
| Hawthorn | 8.19 ± 0.72 | 4.47 ± 0.37 | 12.66 ±1.09 | 2.83 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.03 | 3.66 ± 0.07 |
| Jackfruit | - | - | - | 1.38 ± 0.25 | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 2.43 ± 0.27 |
| Kiwi fruit | 3.36 ± 0.03 | 0.90 ± 0.04 | 4.26 ± 0.07 | - | - | - |
| Lemon | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 1.40 ± 0.08 | 1.99 ± 0.18 | 8.95 ±0.08 | 4.63 ± 0.35 | 13.58 ±0.43 |
| Longan | 6.47 ± 0.01 | 4.45 ± 0.31 | 10.92 ± 0.32 | 1.52 ± 0.28 | 0.85 ±0.05 | 2.37 ± 0.32 |
| Loquat | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.005 | 0.68 ± 0.10 | - | - | - |
| Mandarin orange | 2.86 ±0.37 | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 3.64 ±0.44 | 2.17 ± 0.25 | 0.61 ±0.02 | 2.77 ± 0.26 |
| Mango | 12.28 ± 0.32 | 10.66 ± 0.78 | 22.95 ± 1.09 | 6.05 ± 0.21 | 1.49 ± 0.02 | 7.54 ± 0.24 |
| Mangosteen | 4.31 ± 0.07 | 2.40 ± 0.05 | 6.71 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 1.42 ± 0.12 | 2.38 ± 0.21 |
| mulberry | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Muskmelon (yellow) | 3.98 ± 0.48 | 1.12 ± 0.13 | 5.10 ± 0.61 | - | - | - |
| Navel orange (USA) | 4.15 ± 0.06 | 1.56 ±0.13 | 5.71 ± 0.19 | 2.69 ± 0.25 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 3.03 ± 0.28 |
| Nectarine (China) | 2.17 ±0.06 | 0.10 ±0.01 | 2.28 ± 0.07 | 1.95 ± 0.13 | nd | 1.95 ±0.13 |
| Nectarine (USA) | 3.47 ± 0.29 | 1.24 ± 0.09 | 4.71 ± 0.38 | 4.03 ± 0.61 | 1.01 ± 0.12 | 5.04 ± 0.72 |
| Netted melon | 3.00 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ±0.07 | 3.65 ±0.18 | 2.44 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 2.76 ± 0.08 |
| Pawpaw | 2.78 ± 0.13 | 0.71 ± 0.09 | 3.49 ± 0.23 | 2.69 ± 0.11 | 0.68 ± 0.05 | 3.37 ± 0.16 |
| Peach (honey) | 2.56 ±0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 2.77 ± 0.05 | 2.59 ± 0.29 | 1.75 ±0.01 | 4.34 ± 0.30 |
| Pear (fragrant) | 2.80 ±0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 3.67 ± 0.11 | 2.82 ± 0.19 | 0.55 ± 0.02 | 3.36 ± 0.21 |
| Pear (crystal) | 2.95 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 3.57 ± 0.19 | 4.23 ± 0.13 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 5.17 ± 0.18 |
| Peer (red, USA) | 2.96 ± 0.14 | 1.18 ± 0.10 | 4.14 ±0.24 | 3.90 ± 0.19 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 4.73 ± 0.25 |
| Pineapple | 2.66 ± 0.15 | 0.96 ±0.03 | 3.62 ± 0.18 | - | - | - |
| Pitaya | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | - | - | - |
| Plantain | 3.25 ± 0.08 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 3.65 ± 0.14 | - | - | - |
| Plum (red, Australia) | 3.28 ± 0.21 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 3.95 ± 0.30 | 3.15 ± 0.22 | 0.46 ±0.06 | 3.61 ± 0.29 |
| Pomelo (golden) | 3.56 ± 0.03 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 4.79 ± 0.05 | - | - | - |
| Pomelo (green) | 3.34 ± 0.14 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 4.25 ± 0.21 | 2.90 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 3.16 ± 0.05 |
| Plumcot | 2.89 ± 0.33 | 1.38 ± 0.15 | 4.26 ± 0.48 | 3.09 ± 0.38 | 0.33 ±0.03 | 3.42 ± 0.42 |
| Snake fruit | 2.59 ±0.36 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 3.28 ±0.42 | - | - | - |
| Starfruit | 3.31 ± 0.33 | 7.14 ± 0.64 | 10.45 ±0.97 | 3.53 ± 1.16 | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 4.08 ±1.32 |
| Sweetsop | 11.63 ± 0.04 | 6.14 ± 0.12 | 17.77 ± 0.16 | 4.92 ± 0.12 | 0.89 ±0.10 | 5.81 ± 0.22 |
| Tangerine | 3.28 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.004 | 3.52 ± 0.08 | 2.38 ± 0.16 | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 3.02 ± 0.22 |
| Watermelon | 0.21 ± 0.003 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ±0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.03 |
| Wax-apple | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | - | - | - |
| Ziziphus jujuba | 2.82 ± 0.16 | 1.48 ± 0.22 | 4.30 ± 0.38 | 5.60 ± 0.75 | 3.40 ± 0.19 | 9.00 ± 0.94 |
nd: not detected.