Behavioral verification of TRPV1 deficiency in Trpv1 KO mice. Trpv1 KO mice are insensitive to capsaicin and, when food deprived, eagerly consume habanero chili (A), including the hottest parts, such as the septa and seeds (B). The mean number of pepper-eating events in Trpv1−/− versus Trpv1+/+ mice over a 20 min period is also shown (C). Here and in Figures 2, 3, and 5–10, numbers in parentheses are the numbers of animals in the corresponding groups.