TABLE 4.

Growth Curve Model (Poisson) of Treatment Outcomes over 5 Years after Discharge from the First Treatment Episode, Controlling for Time-varying Covariates

	Drug Use	Incarceration	Employment
Means
Intercept	1.64**	−0.15	−0.37**
Slope	−0.20**	0.02	0.10*
Covariates on Intercept
AMITY (ref: TXPROC)	1.34**	3.36*	1.42**
TUE (ref: TXPROC)	0.31**	0.74**	0.08
Incarceration (ref: HIGH)	0.23**	−0.65**	−0.04
Drug (ref: HIGH)	−1.10**	0.03	−0.03
Drug * incarceration	−1.14**	−0.33**	0.04
Age at first treatment	−0.02**	−0.04**	0.001
Length of first treatment	−0.03**	−0.04**	0.001
Whites (ref: Hispanics)	−0.11	0.04	−0.04
Blacks (ref: Hispanics)	−0.38**	0.22**	0.03
Jail treatment (ref: community outpatient)	−0.47**	−0.45**	0.08
Residential modality (ref: community outpatient)	−0.36**	−0.06	0.02
Employed prior to first treatment	0.50**	−0.46**	1.48**
Covariates on Slope
AMITY (ref: TXPROC)	−0.46**	0.06	−0.01
TUE (ref: TXPROC)	−0.04*	0.14**	−0.04
Incarceration (ref: HIGH)	0.19**	0.09**	−0.01
Drug (ref: HIGH)	0.16**	0.001	−0.10**
Drug * Incarceration	−0.23**	−0.15**	0.33**
Age at first treatment	0.002*	−0.01**	−0.003**
Length of first treatment	0.004*	0.001	0.001
Whites (ref: Hispanics)	−0.01	−0.04*	0.15**
Blacks (ref: Hispanics)	−0.19**	−0.03*	−0.07**
Jail treatment (ref: community outpatient)	0.31**	0.17**	−0.07*
Residential modality (ref: community outpatient)	0.07**	0.11**	0.06**
Employed prior to first treatment	−0.11**	0.02	−0.19**
Time-Varying Covariates
Incarceration at Year 0	−0.21**	--	−0.37**
Incarceration at Year 1	−0.17**	--	−0.27**
Incarceration at Year 2	−0.15**	--	−0.23**
Incarceration at Year 3	−0.16**	--	−0.20**
Incarceration at Year 4	−0.21**	--	−0.24**
Incarceration at Year 5	−0.27**	--	−0.30**
Treatment in Year 0 through Year 5	−0.09**	0.03**	0.002
Variance-Covariance
Intercept	1.93**	2.81**	3.45 **
Slope	0.20**	0.07**	0.18 **
Intercept * Slope	−0.30**	−0.07**	−0.53 **

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01