GDNF immunohistochemistry in aged monkeys receiving LV-GDNF or LV-βGal (control) in the striatum and substantia nigra. (A) Robust GDNF immunoreactivity is seen within the caudate and putamen in a LV-GDNF-treated aged monkey. (B) In contrast, no GDNF immunoreactivity is observed in a control LV-βGal-treated animal (IC, internal capsule). (C) Robust GDNF immunoreactivity is also observed within the midbrain of a LV-GDNF-treated monkey. (D) GDNF immunoreactivity within the forebrain of a LV-GDNF-treated monkey. Staining is seen within the injection site in the putamen (Pt) and within both segments of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) from anterograde transport. (E) GDNF immunohistochemistry is also seen in the substantia nigra pars reticulata from anterograde transport. Holes in the tissue are from postmortem for HPLC analysis. Asterisk in (E) represents a LV-GDNF injection site (CP, cerebral peduncle). Scale bar in (D) represents 1600 μm for panels A, B, and D; 1150 μm for panel C; and 800 μm for panel E.