Table 1.
Model/Condition | Quantitative measure | Qualitative change | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Psoriasis (H) | 2–6 fold increased LVD and ~2 fold increased Ki-67 index | N/A | [54] |
Inflammatory bowel disease (H) | ~2–3 fold increase in LVD | N/A | [56] |
Irradiated skin (H) | 18% increase in total LVD and 44% increase in vessels <10 µm in diameter | N/A | [59] |
Kidney transplant rejection (H) | >50 fold increased LVD in grafts undergoing rejection | N/A | [61] |
Breast cancer (H) | LVD was 12 fold higher in tumors compared to benign lesions | N/A | [67] |
UVB irradiation of skin (m) | 2–3 fold increased LV area and size but no increase in LV number | Hyperplastic vessels associated with increased macrophage infiltration | [63] |
LPS induced peritonitis (m) | ~2–4 fold increased LVD in diaphragm; 2.4 fold more proliferating LECs; 17 fold more vessel sprouts | LVs were enlarged and LV network patterning was atypical; increase in randomly oriented branching; new LVs were dysfunctional | [64] |
TG stimulated peritonitis (m) | 1.9 fold increased LVD in diaphragm | N/A | [68] |
Chronic airway inflammation (m) | LVD and LV sprouts increased many folds (roughly 10 fold) in trachea | N/A | [65] |
Chronic airway inflammation (m) | LVD increased >10 fold in trachea | VE-cadherin LEC junctions are remodeled, intermittent buttons give way to continuous zippers | [66] |
LV, lymphatic vessels; (H), human; LVD, lymphatic vessel density; (m), mouse; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TG, thioglycolate.