Table 1.

Functional neuroimaging studies included in meta-analysis

Study	PTSD	TC*	NTC**	Type of trauma	Contrast used in meta-analysis	Scanning task	Imaging method	Design
Symptom Provocation Whole Brain Analyses (10)
Bremner et al. 1999a	10	10		Combat	Combat vs. neutral pictures and sounds	View and listen	PET	Block
Bremner et al. 1999b	10	12		SA+	Childhood abuse vs. neutral scripts	Image and remember event	PET	Block
Britton et al. 2005	16	15		Combat	Combat vs. neutral scripts	Listen and maintain evoked emotional state	PET	Block
Hou et al. 2007	10	7		Mining accident	Mining accident vs. neutral pictures	View	fMRI	Block
Lanius et al. 2001	9	9		Mixed	Trauma scripts vs. baseline	Listen and remember event	fMRI	Block
Lanius et al. 2002	7	10		SA (1 MVA) +	Trauma scripts vs. baseline	Listen and remember event	fMRI	Block
Lanius et al. 2003	10	10		Mixed	Trauma scripts vs. baseline	Listen and remember event	fMRI	Block
Lanius et al. 2007	26	16		MVA+	Trauma vs. neutral scripts	Listen and remember event	fMRI	Block
Shin et al. 1999	8	8		SA+	Sexual abuse vs. neutral scripts	Recall and imagine contents of script	PET	Block
Shin et al. 2004	17	19		Combat	Combat vs. neutral scripts	Recall and imagine contents of script	PET	Block
Symptom Provocation ROI Analyses (2)
Frewen et al. 2008	25	16		MVA+	Trauma vs. neutral scripts	Listen to and image script	fMRI	Block
Protopopescu et al. 2005	9	14		SA, PA+	PTSD vs. neutral words	Read word	fMRI	Block
Cognitive-Emotional Whole Brain Analyses (12)
Bremner et al. 2003	10		11	SA+	Negative emotional vs. neutral word pairs	Declarative memory task	PET	Block
Bremner et al. 2004	12	9		SA+	Negative emotional vs. neutral words	Stroop task	PET	Block
Brunetti et al. 2010	10		10	Assault	Negative emotional vs. neutral IAPS pictures	Visuo-attentional task	fMRI	Block
Felmingham et al. 2010	23	21		Mixed	Fearful vs. neutral faces	Backward masking task	fMRI	Block
Fonzo et al. 2010	12		12	IPV+	Fearful vs. happy faces	Emotional face matching task	fMRI	Block
Kim et al. 2008	12		12	Fire	Fearful vs. neutral faces	Same-different judgment task	fMRI	Event-related
Sakamoto et al. 2005	16		16	Mixed	Traumatic vs. neutral images	View stimuli below perceptual threshold	fMRI	Block
Shin et al. 2005	13	13		Combat, fire	Fearful vs. happy faces	Overt passive viewing task	fMRI	Block
Thomaes et al. 2009	9		9	SA, PA+	Negative words vs. baseline	Word classification task	fMRI	Event-related
Whalley et al. 2009	16	16	16	Mixed	Negative vs. neutral background pictures with neutral foreground pictures	Episodic memory retrieval task	fMRI	Event-related
Williams et al. 2006	13		13	Mixed	Fearful vs. neutral faces	Overt fear perception task	fMRI	Block
Hou et al. 2007	Same Hou et al. 2007 article as the one listed above (in addition to symptom provocation coordinates, article reported coordinates from a short-term memory recall task)
Cognitive-Emotional ROI Analyses (6)
Bryant et al. 2008	15		15	Mixed	Fearful vs. neutral faces	View stimuli below conscious threshold	fMRI	Block
Phan et al. 2006	16	15		Combat	Negative vs. neutral IAPS pictures	View and rate pictures	PET	Block
Rauch et al. 2000	8	8		Combat	Fearful vs. positive faces	Masked faces paradigm	fMRI	Block
Felmingham et al. 2010	Same as whole brain article above
Fonzo et al. 2010	Same as whole brain article above
Williams et al. 2006	Same as whole brain article above

*TC: trauma exposed controls without PTSD. **NTC: non-traumatized controls.

⁺SA: sexual abuse/assault; PA: physical abuse/assault; MVA: motor vehicle accident; NSA: non sexual assault; IPV: intimate partner violence.