ThT fluorescence assays. (a) Fibrillation kinetics of Aβ1-40 monitored by a ThT fluorescence assay. This plot displays three phases of Aβ1-40 aggregation: the lag phase, the growth phase, and the equilibrium phase. (b) Lag time of Aβ1-40 aggregation with and without macrocycles 1a and 1b. (c) Lag time of Aβ1-40 aggregation with and without homodivalent β-sheets 4a and 4e. (d) Lag time of Aβ1-40 aggregation with and without homodivalent β-sheets 5a and 5e. (e) Lag time of Aβ1-40 aggregation with and without heterodivalent β-sheets 6a and 6e. (f) TEM image of Aβ1-40 (15 μM) after incubation for 6.5 h without (left) and with (right) heterodivalent β-sheet 6e (1 equivalent). (g) Lag time of Aβ1-40 aggregation with heterodivalent β-sheets 6a-e at 0.03, 0.17, 0.5, and 1 molar equivalents. All ThT assays were carried out on 15 μM Aβ1-40 in HEPES buffer at 31°C.