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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Biosyst. 2012 Oct;8(10):2470–2483. doi: 10.1039/c2mb25133g

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Development of synthetic ecology requires insights gained through manipulating simple biological systems and analyzing complex ecological systems. Evolution must be factored into these pursuits, not only as a destabilizing force but also as a means to optimize our engineered designs.