Table 4.
Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of metabolic syndrome components at years 1, 3 and 6 post-randomization among adherent participants in the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial
| Follow-up | Odds ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Metabolic Syndrome | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Intervention | Comparison | OR (95% CI)1 | |
|
| |||
| no. cases (%) | no. cases (%) | ||
| Year 1 | 37 (7.8) | 114 (12.0) | 0.68 (0.45, 1.03) |
| Year 3 | 41 (10.6) | 131 (15.4) | 0.76 (0.51, 1.12) |
| Year 6 | 50 (16.2) | 141 (17.4) | 0.94 (0.64, 1.38) |
| Changes in post-randomization metabolic syndrome components | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Intervention (n=491) | Comparison (n=993) | ||||||||
| N | Mean change | SD | % Change2 | N | Mean change | SD | % Change | P3 | |
| Year 1 | <.0001 | ||||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 490 | −1.4 | 7.8 | −1.9% | 989 | −1.3 | 8.9 | −1.7% | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 491 | −1.3 | 14.0 | −1.0% | 989 | −2.0 | 15.5 | −1.6% | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 446 | −0.1 | 0.7 | −1.8% | 919 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.6% | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 446 | −0.05 | 0.2 | −3.1% | 913 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.6% | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 447 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 4.9% | 915 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 4.2% | |
| Waist (cm) | 487 | −1.8 | 5.8 | −2.1% | 974 | 0.08 | 642 | 0.1% | |
| Year 3 | 0.05 | ||||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 422 | −1.6 | 8.9 | −2.1% | 938 | −1.7 | 8.9 | −2.3% | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 421 | 1.0 | 15.2 | 0.8% | 938 | −1.1 | 15.4 | −0.86% | |
| N | Mean change | SD | % Change | N | Mean change | SD | % Change | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 363 | −0.1 | 0.9 | −2.3% | 813 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.62% | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 363 | −0.04 | 0.3 | −2.6% | 810 | −0.02 | 0.3 | −1.16% | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 364 | −0.07 | 0.5 | 4.7% | 812 | 0.09 | 0.6 | 6.4% | |
| Waist (cm) | 355 | −0.4 | 6.1 | −0.4% | 787 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 1.5% | |
| Year 6 | 0.06 | ||||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 338 | −2.9 | 9.7 | −3.9% | 881 | −3.3 | 9.7 | −4.3% | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 338 | 1.7 | 16.9 | 1.4% | 882 | −1.1 | 17.4 | −0.8% | |
| Glucose (mmol/L)) | 287 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.5% | 777 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 4.4% | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 288 | −0.1 | 0.3 | −4.8% | 775 | −0.1 | 0.3 | −3.2% | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L ) | 288 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 5.2% | 778 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 3.7% | |
| Waist (cm) | 253 | 1.3 | 6.6 | 1.5% | 666 | 2.7 | 8.4 | 3.2% |
Logistic regression models are adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, history of diabetes, physical activity, baseline use of cholesterol lowering or hypertension medications (see text for details)
% change from baseline was calculated as mean change from baseline divided by the mean value at baseline.
P-value was calculated based on multivariate regression model using the five components of Metabolic Syndrome simultaneously in continuous scales as outcomes, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, history of diabetes, physical activity, use of hypertension or cholesterol medications at baseline. The multivariate regression model provides an overall test for the intervention impact on all five components as a whole. Adherence was defined based in participation in intervention activities (see text for details).