Table 1.

Promising initiatives to address barriers to kidney donation for racial-ethnic minorities (adapted from ref. 14)

	Donor Identification Initiatives (Live Donor Kidney Transplant)	Transplant Evaluation Initiatives	Kidney Transplant Initiatives	Post-transplant Initiatives
Recipient–donor initiatives	Culturally sensitive home and community-based educationPrograms to educate and engage patients’ families and social networks	Financial counseling to address insurance/economic concernsClose assessment of co-morbid conditions, and family/social support	Educational/behavioral interventions to improve pre-emptive transplant education and fears of specialized procedures at an institution	Cultural, literacy, and language appropriate efforts to support patient self-care
Health care provider initiatives	Enhanced provider patient/family LDKT educationCultural competency and racial diversity of health care providers	Educational support from heterogeneous team of health professionalsBuild patient trust for providers	Improved health care access and continuity of care	Long-term medical follow-up for living donorsPharmacist-led counseling about medication therapy and adherence
Health system initiatives	Standardized transplant education and training for nontransplant medical professionals	Partnerships with non–health care professionals to enhance social supportSupport for completing transplant evaluations	Paired kidney exchange programsHLA desensitization and ABO incompatible programs	Comprehensive tracking and health-related monitoring of living donors
Population–community initiatives	Community-based partnerships to promote awareness and trust in minority communitiesIncreased availability of healthy foods, safe physical activity space, and community health screenings	Satellite outreach transplant centers to address potential geographic barriers and enhance rates of transplant referral in rural areasAssess facility level effects on outcomes	Federal and state policies to support living donors	Expanded medication coverage and access to primary health carePolicies to ensure future insurance eligibility for living donors

LDKT, living donor kidney transplant.