Risk of ESRD is in stone formers versus matched controls. Cumulative incidence (Kaplan–Meier method) of ESRD is significantly higher among the ICD-9–coded stone formers versus matched controls in (A) analysis group 2 (P=0.001), and also among the validated symptomatic stone formers versus matched controls who comprised (B) group 4 (P=0.01) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1984 to 2003. ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.