Figure 1.

Structural studies of the brain, past and present. (a) Phrenologist's map from the end of the 18th century. Bumps on the skull were thought to reflect the size of the underlying brain. [Reproduced with permission from John van Whye, The History of Phrenology on the Web (http://www.jmvanwyhe.freeserve.co.uk), March 20, 2000. Originally published in The Philosophical Magazine (1802), Vol. 14.] (b) Example of voxel-based morphology as used in the Maguire et al. (1) study. From top to bottom, T1-weighted anatomical image in a sagittal plane containing the hippocampus, segmented gray matter from the same image, and segmented white matter from the same image. [Images courtesy of Timothy M. Ellmore, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.]