Table 2.

Estimates of effective population above which drift would be unlikely to explain divergence

Population difference	Heritabiltyc	Generations	Max N*
Exploratory behavior ♀	0.22–0.54	12	4–23
Exploratory behavior ♂	0.22–0.54	12	1–8
Max corticosteronea ♀	0.08–0.24	12	1–16
CORT responsea ♀	0.08–0.24	12	2–23
Max corticosteronea ♂	0.08–0.24	12	1–7
CORT reponse (area)a ♂	0.08–0.24	12	1–4
Flight distance (foraging)b	0.88	12	9
Flight distance (incubating)b ♀	0.88	12	15
Max CORTb ♀	0.08–0.24	12	1–15
CORT response (area)b ♀	0.08–0.24	12	1–15

^aMeasured in common garden study.

^bMeasured in field study.

^cEstimated from published studies, see MATERIALS AND METHODS.