Table 2.

Effects of αKG/MAL on markers of organ injury and accumulation of NEFAs

	Baseline Values	Normoxic Control Group	I/R Control Group	I/R αKG/MAL Group
LDH, U/l	111.6 ± 23.7	275.8 ± 73.2	808.1 ± 112.6*	2,239.0 ± 512.0*
CK, U/l	268.3 ± 65.4
After 30 min		538.3 ± 61.0	481.7 ± 75.6	525.0 ± 61.2
Postischemia		357.5 ± 38.6	393.3 ± 91.4	484.3 ± 77.3
End		703.0 ± 336.6	572.3 ± 94.5	1,248.8 ± 278.2†
pCrea, mg/dl	0.56 ± 0.05
Preischemia		0.48 ± 0.08	0.62 ± 0.05	0.55 ± 0.04
5-min Ischemia		0.62 ± 0.05	0.55 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.05
Postischemia		0.49 ± 0.08	0.74 ± 0.03*	0.82 ± 0.03*
5-min Reperfusion		0.59 ± 0.03	0.85 ± 0.05*	0.85 ± 0.03*
End		0.70 ± 0.12	1.47 ± 0.05*	1.43 ± 0.02*
ATP, nmol/mg protein		11.1 ± 1.4	6.7 ± 0.6*	4.7 ± 0.7*
NEFA, nmol/mg protein		5.9 ± 0.5	7.0 ± 0.9	7.5 ± 0.7

Values are means ± SE; n = 6/group. Baseline values were determined from blood from the normoxic control group obtained from the first blood sampling; these values were not significantly different from the baseline values of the other experimental groups. The other values were assessed from the last blood sampling or at the time points indicated. For experimental details see Fig. 1.

LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; pCrea, plasma creatinine; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acids.

^*P < 0.05 vs. normoxic control group.

^†P < 0.05 vs. I/R control group.