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. 2012 Aug 30;7(8):e44472. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044472

Figure 6. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) effects on signal transduction and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in NHEK.

Figure 6

Time-dependent effects of 25 µM HNE on ERK1/2 and Akt1 phosphorylation: A. Western blot and B. Densitometry of total cell extracts. Dynamics of HNE effects on COX-2 and iNOS (C) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (D) gene expression. Cytokine levels in the culture medium after 24 h treatment with 25 µM HNE (E). *P<0.05 and §P<0.01 versus untreated controls.