Table 3.
Effect of lifelong use of different types of coal in household stoves (“smoky coal” (bituminous) or “smokeless coal” (anthracite)) on risk of death from lung cancer in Xuanwei cohort 1976-96, stratified by sex
| Sex and coal used | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | |
| Men: | ||
| Smokeless coal | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Smoky coal | 41.6 (23.6 to 73.5) | 36.2 (20.3 to 64.7) |
| Women: | ||
| Smokeless coal | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Smoky coal | 115.8 (43.4 to 309.0) | 98.8 (36.8 to 265.6) |
*Hazard ratios are adjusted for type of stove used, time spent at home each day (excluding sleeping), having any formal education, number of rooms in home, number of people in home, family history of lung cancer, prior diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases, and sex-specific adjustments (having smoked tobacco and history of employment as a coal miner for men; age at which person started cooking for women). Baseline hazards are stratified by birth cohort.