Table 1.
Estimates of toxicodynamic parameters (lower–upper 95% confidence limit) for Gammarus pulex and propiconazole according to different survival models
| Model | Calibration data | k ad | k bk | z c | α d | β e | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD | Full | Pulsed toxicity | 14.5 (4.9-n.d.) | 0.0005 (0.0004–0.0007) | 73.2 (31.8–81.7) | – | – |
| Acute toxicity | 2.7 (2.2–3.6) | 0.0073 (0.0055–0.0094) | 316.1 (302.2–325.2) | – | – | ||
| Both | 2.3 (2.1–2.7) | 0.0051 (0.0042–0.0062) | 311.6 (301.0–323.3) | – | – | ||
| Reduced | Pulsed toxicity | 5.1 (2.6–12.3) | 0.0096 (0.0070–0.0125) | 3.2 (1.7–4.1) | – | – | |
| Acute toxicity | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 0.1339 (0.1012–0.1724) | 16.6 (15.8–17.1) | – | – | ||
| Both | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 0.1260 (0.1031–0.1534) | 16.4 (15.8–16.9) | – | – | ||
| IT | Full | Pulsed toxicity | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | – | – | 341.1 (292.8-400.2) | 2.4 (1.9–3.3) |
| Acute toxicity | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | – | – | 343.8 (331.5–386.2) | 6.4 (5.3–9.3) | ||
| Both | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | – | – | 364.4 (350.4–378.4) | 7.6 (6.1–9.3) | ||
| Reduced | Pulsed toxicity | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | – | – | 16.1 (12.2–17.8) | 2.2 (1.5–2.6) | |
| Acute toxicity | 0.9 (0.6–1.0) | – | – | 18.2 (17.7–21.0) | 6.5 (5.4–9.3) | ||
| Both | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | – | – | 18.7 (18.0–19.4) | 7.4 (6.1–9.2) | ||
SD Stochastic death model, IT Individual tolerance model, Full = Model including toxicokinetics, Reduced = Model excluding toxicokinetics
n.d. not determined (no upper limit found, must be >40)
aDamage recovery [1/d] (full models) or the dominant rate constant [1/d], which describes both compensating processes, TK elimination and TD damage recovery, but the slowest process dominates the value (reduced models)
bKilling rate [mL nmol−1 d−1 or g nmol−1 d−1 depending on the dose metric]
cThreshold for effects [nmol/mL or nmol/g depending on the dose metric]
dMedian of threshold distribution [nmol/mL or nmol/g depending on the dose metric]
eWidth of the distribution [−]