FIGURE 8.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves efferocytosis and reduces death of APOE4 macrophages. A shows APOE3 macrophages (filled bars) and APOE4 macrophages (open bars) incubated either with 50 ng/ml LPS or 100 μg/ml oxLDL. A separate group of APOE4 macrophages was incubated in the presence of 2 mm tauroursodeoxycholic acid (hatched bars). Cell death was assessed by flow cytometry based on expression of annexin V and propidium iodide. B shows analysis of efferocytosis efficiency in APOE3 and APOE4 macrophages and in APOE4 macrophages treated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). The data are reported as mean ± S.D. of three separate experiments. * denotes differences from the APOE3 macrophages at p < 0.05. # denotes differences from APOE4 macrophages incubated in the absence of TUDCA at p < 0.05.