Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Abstainer and Non-Abstainers by Gender.
| Characteristic | Male Abstainers (N = 1,038) | Female Abstainers (N = 3,742) | Male Non-Abstainers (N = 17,480) | Female Non-Abstainers (N = 20,833) | Male Abstainers vs Male Non-Abstainers AOR | Female Abstainers vs Female Non-Abstainers AOR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | CI | % | CI | % | CI | % | CI | % | CI | % | CI | |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 20.05 (15.76–25.15) | 18.63 (14.17–24.10) | 11.84 (9.54–14.61) | 9.64 (7.82–11.82) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 1.39 (1.15–1.67) | ||||||
| Asian/Alaska/Indian/Native American | 14.41 (10.59–19.30) | 14.32 (11.51–17.68) | 6.06 (5.10–7.20) | 5.18 (4.47–6.00) | 1.90 (1.37–2.62) | 2.57 (2.08–3.17) | ||||||
| African American | 14.12 (11.22–17.62) | 14.68 (12.82–16.76) | 9.88 (8.74–11.16) | 11.51 (10.16–13.00) | 1.71 (1.34–2.18) | 1.74 (1.50–2.02) | ||||||
| White | 51.43 (44.77–58.04) | 52.37 (46.97–57.71) | 72.22 (68.99–75.22) | 73.68 (70.90–76.28) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Nativity | ||||||||||||
| Born in the U.S. | 65.06 (57.30–72.09) | 66.33 (59.72–72.36) | 86.01 (82.87–88.66) | 89.05 (86.72–91.02) | 0.36 (0.28–0.45) | 0.28 (0.24–0.32) | ||||||
| Born in a Foreign Country | 34.94 (27.91–42.70) | 33.67 (27.64–40.28) | 13.99 (11.34–17.13) | 10.95 (8.98–13.28) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–34 | 38.59 (35.06–42.25) | 27.51 (25.15–30.01) | 32.34 (31.22–33.48) | 30.93 (29.96–31.91) | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.38 (0.32–0.45) | ||||||
| 35–49 | 25.82 (22.34–29.64) | 22.53 (20.52–24.67) | 32.17 (31.25–33.10) | 31.84 (31.01–32.67) | 0.58 (0.45–0.75) | 0.34 (0.29–0.40) | ||||||
| 50–64 | 19.35 (16.43–22.63) | 19.70 (18.01–21.51) | 21.34 (20.65–22.06) | 21.16 (20.45–21.89) | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.46 (0.39–0.54) | ||||||
| 65+ | 16.24 (13.47–19.46) | 30.26 (27.32–33.37) | 14.15 (13.39–14.93) | 16.08 (15.40–16.78) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Less than High School | 19.89 (17.35–22.69) | 27.38 (24.96–29.95) | 15.73 (14.69–16.83) | 13.41 (12.56–14.31) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 1.63 (1.44–1.86) | ||||||
| High School Graduate | 29.13 (25.48–33.06) | 31.54 (29.16–34.02) | 28.72 (27.37–30.12) | 29.59 (28.57–30.63) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 1.32 (1.18–1.48) | ||||||
| Some College or More | 50.98 (47.01–54.94) | 41.08 (38.85–43.34) | 55.54 (53.98–57.10) | 57.01 (55.82–58.19) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| 0–19,999 | 26.39 (22.87–30.24) | 37.63 (35.64–39.67) | 19.40 (18.30–20.56) | 25.48 (24.44–26.54) | 1.21 (0.88–1.67) | 1.76 (1.47–2.11) | ||||||
| 20,000–34,999 | 19.53 (16.87–22.49) | 21.86 (20.30–23.52) | 20.16 (19.26–21.09) | 19.84 (19.07–20.62) | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 1.46 (1.22–1.75) | ||||||
| 35,000–69,999 | 32.71 (28.60–37.11) | 27.71 (25.37–30.18) | 33.60 (32.50–34.73) | 31.30 (30.49–32.13) | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 1.45 (1.19–1.78) | ||||||
| 70,000+ | 21.37 (17.96–25.23) | 12.79 (10.93–14.92) | 26.83 (25.10–28.63) | 23.38 (22.04–24.78) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Never Married | 31.54 (28.17–35.11) | 15.95 (15.31–18.73) | 23.36 (22.19–24.57) | 18.49 (17.52–19.51) | 1.59 (1.25–2.02) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | ||||||
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 7.51 (6.23–9.03) | 24.24 (22.55–26.02) | 12.04 (11.47–12.63) | 22.41 (21.72–23.10) | 0.68 (0.54–0.85) | 0.70 (0.62–0.78) | ||||||
| Married/Cohabitating | 60.95 (57.35–64.44) | 58.81 (56.70–60.88) | 64.60 (63.44–65.75) | 59.10 (57.96–60.24) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Urbanicity | ||||||||||||
| Central City | 35.40 (28.34–43.15) | 31.71 (24.87–39.43) | 28.96 (24.97–33.31) | 29.43 (25.50–33.69) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.86 (0.74–1.02) | ||||||
| Rural/Suburban | 64.60 (56.85–71.66) | 68.29 (60.57–75.13) | 71.04 (66.69–75.03) | 70.57 (66.31–74.50) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | 17.62 (9.97–29.23) | 16.41 (9.18–27.60) | 19.64 (13.83–27.13) | 20.35 (14.41–27.95) | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | ||||||
| Midwest | 13.48 (9.21–19.31) | 16.04 (10.99–22.82) | 23.84 (18.06–30.77) | 24.15 (18.16–31.36) | 0.65 (0.46–0.93) | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | ||||||
| South | 42.93 (33.48–52.93) | 44.73 (35.75–54.06) | 34.51 (28.46–41.11) | 33.92 (27.89–40.52) | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) | 1.56 (1.22–1.98) | ||||||
| West | 25.97 (17.07–37.42) | 22.83 (14.15–34.67) | 22.01 (15.86–29.71) | 21.58 (15.69–28.91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Employment Status | ||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 6.09 (4.42–8.35) | 4.42 (3.49–5.60) | 9.94 (9.33–10.59) | 8.45 (7.90–9.04) | 0.47 (0.34–0.67) | 0.46 (0.35–0.59) | ||||||
| Employed | 93.91 (91.65–95.58) | 95.58 (94.40–96.51) | 90.06 (89.41–90.67) | 91.55 (90.96–92.10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Note:
a
CI: confidence interval,
b
AOR: adjusted odds ratio.
OR values in bold are statistically significant.