. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2012 May 29;20(1):101–124. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2012.691152

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics by Age Group and Focality

Variable	Younger Adults		Older Adults		Statistical Value

	Focal	Nonfocal	Focal	Nonfocal
Education	13.5 (1.3)	14.0 (1.2)	16.4 (3.0)	15.7 (2.5)	t = −5.22; p < .001
Vocabulary	31.2 (4.0)	30.7 (2.8)	33.9 (4.7)	33.0 (4.7)	t = −3.14; p = .002
Free Recall	.35 (2.7)	.35 (3.6)	.21 (.08)	.20 (.10)	t = −6.41; p < .001
Letter Comparison	26.1 (5.2)	24.8 (3.5)	16.2 (3.1)	16.6 (4.5)	t = 10.79; p < .001
Pattern Comparison	45.0 (8.1)	45.1 (6.2)	27.4 (5.6)	29.3 (4.8)	t = 13.07; p < .001
Number Comparison	33.6 (6.2)	32.3 (4.1)	22.1 (4.6)	24.0 (5.8)	t = 9.12; p < .001

Note. Standard deviations are presented in parentheses. Statistical value is based on an independent-samples t-test with older and younger adults, collapsing over focality.