Table 1. ANOVA results for mean number, duration and frequency modulation of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by μ-KO and WT 8-day old pups during 5 min of isolation in clean or home-cage bedding.
| df | Mean number | Men duration | Mean frequency modulationa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotype (G) | 1/58 | F=1.19 | F=2.99 | F=1.84 |
| Bedding (B) | 1/58 | F=1.29 | F=2.43 | F=3.18 |
| G × B | 1/58 | F=6.58* | F=5.08* | F=9.90** |
| Sex (S) | 1/58 | F=0.49 | F=0.11 | F=2.66 |
| G × S | 1/58 | F=0.05 | F=0.02 | F=0.13 |
| B × S | 1/58 | F=0.42 | F=0.02 | F=0.32 |
| G × B × S | 1/58 | F=0.56 | F=0.03 | F=0.02 |
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; KO, knockout pups; WT, wild-type
a
Frequency Modulation: difference between the highest and the lowest peak frequency within each element.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01.