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. 2012 Sep;181(3):897–906. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.032

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mϕ-TGF-βRIIKO mice rapidly develop emphysema-like pathology after hookworm infection. A and B: Whole-body plethysmography via the Buxco system was performed on cohorts of naïve and N. brasiliensis-infected mice at the indicated time points for evaluation of baseline respiration time (RT) (A) and changes in breathing patterns (the enhanced pause response, Penh) (B) during the breathing cycle after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction (25 mg/mL). C–F: Representative histological sections of lung tissues from WT mice (C and E) and Mϕ-TGF-βRIIKO mice (D and F). Masson's trichrome staining was used to demonstrate areas of collagen deposition (blue). G–I: A flexiVent system was used to evaluate lung elasticity (G) and total lung capacity (H) in both strains at day 28 after infection, and clinical score for emphysematous pathology was determined (I). Data are representative of three independent experiments (A and B). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. n = 6 to 8 mice (A and B); n = 6 mice (G and H); n = 4 mice (I) per group. Scale bar = 100 μm.