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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 3.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009 Nov 16;46(1):35–44. doi: 10.1007/s00127-009-0164-8

Table 4.

Association of Adverse life events with Major depression in a community sample from Uganda

Risk Factor Males Females
Unadjusted
OR (95% CI)		 Adjusted
OR (95% CI)		 OR (95% CI)
(95% CI)		 Adjusted OR
(95% CI)
Father died 1.7 (1.3-2.2)*** 1.2 (0.9-1.5) 1.8 (1.5-2.3)*** 1.3 (1.0-1.8)*
Mother died 2.2 (1.7-2.9)*** 1.6 (1.2-2.1)*** 1.9 (1.5-2.4)*** 1.3 (1.0-1.8)*
Parents divorced 1.6 (1.2-2.1)*** 1.4 (1.1-1.8)* 1.5 (1.1-1.9)** 1.0 (0.8-1.4)
Ever forced to have sexual intercourse 1.7 (1.4-2.2)*** 1.3 (1.0-1.8)* 1.5 (1.2-1.9)*** 1.3 (0.9-1.7)
Often felt neglected and
left alone		 2.2 (1.8-2.7)*** 1.6 (1.3-2.1)*** 1.9 (1.5-2.3)*** 1.3 (1.0-1.7)*
Parent(s) addicted to
alcohol		 1.7(1.3-2.1)*** 1.5 (1.1-1.9)** 1.2 (0.9-1.4) 1.1 (0.9-1.4)
Ever been seriously
beaten		 1.7 (1.4-2.1)*** 1.2 (0.9-1.5) 1.6 (1.3-1.9)*** 1.2 (0.9-1.6)
Ever been
psychologically
mistreated		 1.6 (1.3-1.9)*** 1.1 (0.9-1.4) 1.4 (1.2-1.7)*** 1.3 (1.0-1.6)
Ever experienced war
related torture (e.g.
gunshot injuries, rape
etc)		 1.4(1.07-1.85)* 1.0 (0.7-1.3) 1.6(1.2-2.1)*** 1.4 (0.9-2.0)
Partner related life events in later life
(included married, separated/widowed; n=3761)
Had frequent rows or
arguments with
partner(s)		 0.9 (0.7-1.2) 0.7 (0.5-1.0) 1.2 (0.9-1.5) 1.1 (0.8-1.6)
Partner(s) addicted to
alcohol, rugs or
medicines for one year or longer		 1.1 (0.8-1.4) 0.8 (0.6-1.1) 0.9 (0.7-1.2) 0.8 (0.6-1.2)
Ever had serious
relationship problems
with partner(s)		 1.2 (0.9-1.5) 0.9 (0.6-1.2) 1.2 (0.9-1.6) 1.0 (0.7-1.4)
Ever been beaten or
physically mistreated
by partner(s)		 1.0 (0.7-1.3) 0.8 (0.6-1.2) 1.1 (0.8-1.5) 0.8 (0.6-1.1)
Ever been
psychologically
mistreated by partner(s)		 0.8 (0.6-1.1) 0.7 (0.5-1.0) 1.3 (1.0 -1.7) 1.0 (0.7-1.4)
Partner ever attempted
suicide (without fatal
outcome)		 1.0 (0.8-1.4) 0.8 (0.6-1.1) 1.3 (0.9-1.7) 1.2(0.8-1.7)
Partner(s) ever died 1.1 (0.8-1.5) 0.9 (0.6-1.3) 1.2 (0.9-1.7) 1.1 (0.7-1.6)
*

P≤0.05

**

P≤ 0.01

***

P≤0.001

Adjusted for district, age group, having obtained formal education, marital status, being employed, & socio-economic status