Table 7.

Summary of personality characteristics.

Reference	Personality proxy measure	Correlation with outcomes
Schreiber et al. 2006 [22]	Optimism (LOT)	Optimism significantly negatively correlated with poor physical function but no significant association found with QoL
Thijssens et al. 2006 [23]	(i) Locus of control (ii) Satisfaction with treatment	(i) “Perception of having less involvement in decision making process for treatment” significantly associated with psychological distress (ii) Patients who had outcomes consonant with preoperative expectations reported more satisfaction postoperatively (iii) Dissatisfaction with treatment was associated with psychological distress
Davidge et al. 2009 [26]	(i) Optimism (LOT) (ii) Expectations of outcome	(i) Optimism predictive of good functional and QoL outcomes (ii) Pessimism associated with having uncertain expectations regarding recovery following surgery