Table 2.
Population Average Odds Ratios for Lifetime Use of Alcohol, Gotten Drunk, Marijuana, Inhalants, & Methamphetamine Among 7–12th Graders
| Variable | Ever Tried Alcohol | Ever Gotten Drunk | Ever Tried Marijuana | Ever Tried Inhalants | Ever Tried Meth | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | |
| Intercept | 0.88 | (0.68, 1.14) | 0.40** | (0.31, 0.51) | 0.57** | (0.43, 0.75) | 0.32** | (0.23, 0.45) | 0.06** | (0.04, 0.09) |
| Individual-level variables | ||||||||||
| Gender | 1.15 | (0.95, 1.40) | 1.09 | (0.97, 1.23) | 0.94 | (0.83, 1.07) | 1.45** | (1.31, 1.61) | 1.19* | (1.02, 1.40) |
| Grade 8 | 2.14** | (1.87, 2.44) | 2.01** | (1.76, 2.31) | 2.07** | (1.84, 2.34) | 1.17* | (1.00, 1.36) | 1.36* | (1.02, 1.82) |
| Grade 9 | 2.53** | (2.15, 2.98) | 2.71** | (2.31, 3.18) | 2.85** | (2.38, 3.42) | 0.85 | (0.71, 1.03) | 1.65** | (1.20, 2.28) |
| Grade 10 | 4.30** | (3.57, 5.18) | 4.21** | (3.54, 5.00) | 4.09** | (3.33, 5.03) | 0.96 | (0.79, 1.17) | 2.39** | (1.73, 3.30) |
| Grade 11 | 5.28** | (4.33, 6.45) | 5.57** | (4.64, 6.68) | 4.83** | (4.10, 5.71) | 0.82 | (0.66, 1.01) | 2.39** | (1.72, 3.33) |
| Grade 12 | 5.68** | (4.56, 7.08) | 6.70** | (5.49, 8.16) | 4.71** | (3.92, 5.66) | 0.84 | (0.68, 1.06) | 2.32** | (1.64, 3.30) |
| Community-level variables | ||||||||||
| Northern Plains (NP) | 1.59** | (1.17, 2.16) | 1.80** | (1.37, 2.38) | 1.87** | (1.37, 2.54) | 1.31 | (0.89, 1.93) | 0.58* | (0.38, 0.89) |
| Upper Gr. Lakes (UGL) | 1.30 | (0.83, 2.02) | 1.56* | (1.04, 2.33) | 1.53 | (0.90, 2.60) | 0.93 | (0.53, 1.62) | 0.33** | (0.16, 0.65) |
| Oklahoma | 1.30 | (0.98, 1.72) | 0.64 ** | (0.50, 0.82) | 0.28** | (0.21, 0.39) | 0.52** | (0.34, 0.75) | 0.31** | (0.20, 0.47) |
| Year | 0.96** | (0.93, 0.98) | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.00) | 1.03* | (1.00, 1.06) | 0.95* | (0.91, 0.99) | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.08) |
| Individual-level × community-levela variables | ||||||||||
| Gender * NP | 1.35* | (1.01, 1.80) | ||||||||
| Gender * UGL | 1.66* | (1.05, 2.62) | ||||||||
| Gender * Oklahoma | 0.94 | (0.72, 1.23) | ||||||||
| % community-level variance explained by region and yearb | ||||||||||
| Intercept | 26% | 29% | 57% | 33% | 28% | |||||
| Gender | 35% | |||||||||
| N | 9458 | 9455 | 9453 | 9443 | 9330 | |||||
Note: OR = odds ratio; CI = 95% confidence interval,
*
: p<.05;
**
: p<.01;
a
: Interactions terms were excluded from final analysis when likelihood-ratio tests revealed insignificance of the group of variables.
b
: Shows whether the community-level variables help explain differences in community intercepts and slopes.