Table 1.
Complications and prevalence of nutritional deficits specified according to the particular type of bariatric surgical procedure.
| Adjustable gastric band | Roux-en-Y | Duodenal switch | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complications | (i) Food intolerance or noncompliance | (i) Anastomotic leak | (i) Malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), iron |
| (ii) Band slippage which can result in vomiting leading to B1 deficiency | (ii) Stomal stenosis can lead to vomiting | (ii) Protein-energy malnutrition | |
| (iii) Pouch dilatation | (iii) Bowel obstruction | ||
| (iv) Band erosion into the stomach | (iv) Micronutrient deficiencies | ||
| Vitamin A | Occurs | Occurs | Common: 50% after 1 yr, up to 70% after 4 yrs |
| Vitamin B1 | Rare but occurs | Rare but occurs | Rare but occurs |
| Vitamin B12 | Uncommon | Common: 12–33% | Rare but occurs |
| Folate | Uncommon | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Iron | Uncommon | Common: 20–49% | Rare but occurs |
| Calcium | Uncommon | May occur: 10–25% by 2 yrs, 25–48% by 4 yrs | May occur: 10–25% by 2 yrs, 25–48% by 4 yrs |
| Vitamin D | Uncommon | Common: 17–52% by 2 yrs, 50–63% by 4 yrs | Common: 17–52% by 2 yrs, 50–63% by 4 yrs |
| Vitamin E | Uncommon | Uncommon | Uncommon |
| Vitamin K | Uncommon | Uncommon | Common: 50–60% after 1 year |
| Copper | Occurs but often unrecognized | Occurs but often unrecognized | Occurs but often unrecognized |