microCT reconstructions and volume quantification of cranial defect healing in unaltered male, castrated male, unaltered female, and ovariectomized female hosts (a) microCT reconstructions of cranial defect healing at 1, 14, and 28 days post treatment with MDSC-B4 and representative coronal slices at 28 days. Scale bar represents 1 mm. (b) volume (mm3) of new bone formed within cranial defect space post treatment with MDSC-B4. *indicates different from same host group at 14 days, †indicates different from castrated male hosts at 28 days. (c) volume (mm3) of total new bone formed post treatment with MDSC-B4. *indicates different from same host group at 14 days, §indicates different from castrated male hosts as 14 days, #indicates different from ovariectomized female hosts at 28 days, $indicates different from unaltered male hosts at 28 days (all p<0.05). Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea