TABLE II.
Summary of the results of the acoustic analysis. Key: New England (E), Mid-Atlantic (A), North (N), Midland (M), South (S), West (W), Southern Vowel Shift (SVS), Northern Cities Chain Shift (NCCS), z-score transformation artifact (z-score), new Midland results (Midland), new Mid-Atlantic results (Mid-Atlantic), new Southern results (Southern).
| Vowel | F1 Male |
F2 Male |
F1 Female |
F2 Female |
Results |
| i | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
| ɪ | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |
| e | S > E, A | S < A | S > A | S < A, W | SVS |
| M < A | Midland | ||||
| ɛ | S < E, N, W | n.s. | SVS | ||
| N > A, M, S, W | N < M | NCCS | |||
| M < E, N | Midland | ||||
| æ | N < ALL | N > ALL | N < ALL | N > ALL | NCCS |
| S > A, W | Southern | ||||
| ɑ | N > E, A, M, W | N > ALL | N > M | N > M, S, W | NCCS |
| A > E, M, S, W | A > M, S, W | Mid-Atlantic | |||
| ɔ | n.s. | A > E, M, S, W | n.s. | n.s. | Mid-Atlantic |
| S < E, A, M, W | z score | ||||
| ʌ | n.s. | n.s. | N < E, M, S, W | NCCS | |
| A < E | A < M, S | Mid-Atlantic | |||
| S < E, M, W | z score | ||||
| o | n.s. | S > N | n.s. | S > A, N | SVS |
| Ʊ | S < A, N, M | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Southern |
| u | n.s. | S > E, A, N | n.s. | SVS | |
| W > N | West | ||||
| S < A, N, M, W | Southern | ||||
| E < W | Spurious |