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. 2012 Feb 6;66(10):942–950. doi: 10.1136/jech-2011-200316

Table 3.

Multilevel regression results of poor health by the number of childhood residential moves made

M1: age and sex ICC M2: M1 + socio-demographic factors* ICC M3: M1 + number of school moves ICC M4: M1 + socio-demographic factors* and number of school moves ICC
1–2 moves 3+ moves 1–2 moves 3 + moves 1–2 moves 3 + moves 1–2 moves 3 + moves
Wave 2
 Physical health measures
  BMI −0.17 (−0.73 to 0.40) −0.30 (−1.01 to 0.42) 0.000 −0.22 (−0.79 to 0.34) −0.38 (−1.10 to 0.34) 0.000 −0.18 (−0.75 to 0.39) −0.33 (−1.12 to 0.45) 0.000 −0.24 (−0.81 to 0.34) −0.44 (−1.23 to 0.35) 0.000
  Waist:hip ratio 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) −0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) −0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) −0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01) 0.000
  Lung function (L/m2) −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.02) −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) 0.000 −0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) 0.000 −0.00 (−0.04 to 0.02) −0.04 (−0.08 to 0.00) 0.000 −0.00 (−0.04 to 0.02) −0.04 (−0.07 to 0.00) 0.000
  Mid-blood pressure (mm Hg) 0.84 (−0.68 to 2.36) −0.21 (−2.17 to 1.71) 0.015 0.76 (−0.77 to 2.29) −0.03 (−2.30 to 1.62) 0.010 0.96 (−0.59 to 2.51) −0.05 (−2.16 to 2.07) 0.015 0.88 (−0.67 to 2.43) −0.17 (−1.97 to 0.92) 0.010
 Overall health
  Limiting long-term illness 1.31 (0.74 to 2.31) 1.67 (0.85 to 3.26) 0.000 1.24 (0.70 to 2.20) 1.52 (0.77 to 3.01) 0.000 1.35 (0.76 to 2.39) 1.49 (0.70 to 3.15) 0.000 1.27 (0.71 to 2.27) 1.34 (0.62 to 2.88) 0.000
  Fair/poor general health§ 0.90 (0.63 to 1.30) 0.99 (0.63 to 1.56) 0.000 0.88 (0.61 to 1.28) 0.98 (0.61 to 1.57) 0.000 0.90 (0.62 to 1.29) 0.97 (0.59 to 1.60) 0.000 0.88 (0.60 to 1.28) 0.97 (0.58 to 1.62) 0.000
 Psychological distress
  GHQ-12 (3+) 1.65 (1.15 to 2.37) 1.60 (1.02 to 2.52) 0.012 1.65 (1.14 to 2.38) 1.62 (1.02 to 2.57) 0.003 1.60 (1.11 to 2.32) 1.54 (0.94 to 2.52) 0.012 1.62 (1.11 to 2.35) 1.58 (0.96 to 2.62) 0.004
  HADS anxiety (11+) 0.89 (0.55 to 1.45) 1.00 (0.54 to 1.85) 0.039 0.85 (0.52 to 1.39) 1.00 (0.54 to 1.85) 0.013 0.85 (0.52 to 1.39) 0.79 (0.40 to 1.56) 0.035 0.81 (0.49 to 1.33) 0.79 (0.40 to 1.59) 0.011
  Suicidal ideation§ 1.23 (0.62 to 2.45) 2.74 (1.29 to 5.80) 0.046 1.19 (0.60 to 2.35) 2.77 (1.30 to 5.89) 0.000 1.16 (0.58 to 2.33) 2.11 (0.92 to 4.81) 0.044 1.11 (0.56 to 2.24) 2.18 (0.95 to 5.01) 0.000
 Health behaviours
  Heavy drinking 0.89 (0.53 to 1.49) 1.54 (0.82 to 2.89) 0.000 0.91 (0.54 to 1.54) 1.68 (0.88 to 3.21) 0.000 0.89 (0.53 to 1.51) 1.43 (0.72 to 2.87) 0.000 0.92 (0.54 to 1.57) 1.58 (0.77 to 3.22) 0.000
  Illegal drug use** 1.10 (0.75 to 1.60) 2.09 (1.32 to 3.32) 0.000 1.11 (0.75 to 1.63) 2.05 (1.28 to 3.29) 0.000 1.14 (0.77 to 1.67) 2.46 (1.48 to 4.09) 0.000 1.15 (0.78 to 1.70) 2.44 (1.45 to 4.10) 0.000
  Smoking 1.01 (0.70 to 1.47) 1.71 (1.09 to 2.69) 0.019 1.01 (0.69 to 1.47) 1.75 (1.10 to 2.79) 0.010 0.97 (0.66 to 1.41) 1.52 (0.92 to 2.50) 0.019 0.97 (0.66 to 1.43) 1.57 (0.94 to 2.62) 0.011
Wave 5
 Physical health measures
  BMI 0.47 (−0.48 to 1.41) 0.28 (−0.93 to 1.49) 0.011 0.37 (−0.57 to 1.31) 0.16 (−1.04 to 1.37) 0.000 0.46 (−0.50 to 1.42) −0.01 (−1.34 to 1.32) 0.011 0.38 (−0.57 to 1.33) −0.10 (−1.42 to 1.22) 0.000
  Waist:hip ratio 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.03) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) 0.000 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) 0.000
  Lung function (L/m2) −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) 0.000 −0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) 0.000 −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) 0.000 −0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) 0.000
  Mid-blood pressure (mm Hg) −0.18 (−2.16 to 1.81) −1.29 (−3.81 to 1.23) 0.001 −0.36 (−2.34 to 1.62) −1.66 (−4.19 to 0.87) 0.000 −0.02 (−2.03 to 1.99) −1.50 (−4.26 to 1.26) 0.001 −0.17 (−2.17 to 1.84) −1.81 (−4.58 to 0.96) 0.000
 Overall health
  Limiting long-term illness 1.38 (0.98 to 1.95) 1.88 (1.21 to 2.91) 0.000 1.35 (0.95 to 1.92) 1.80 (1.15 to 2.82) 0.000 1.35 (0.95 to 1.92) 1.57 (0.97 to 2.54) 0.000 1.32 (0.92 to 1.89) 1.50 (0.92 to 2.45) 0.000
  Fair/poor general health 1.33 (0.85 to 2.07) 1.47 (0.86 to 2.52) 0.096 1.34 (0.86 to 2.10) 1.52 (0.88 to 2.63) 0.052 1.29 (0.82 to 2.03) 1.36 (0.76 to 2.45) 0.097 1.32 (0.84 to 2.07) 1.43 (0.79 to 2.59) 0.052
 Psychological distress
  GHQ-12 (3+) 1.13 (0.73 to 1.76) 1.49 (0.88 to 2.55) 0.021 1.15 (0.74 to 1.80) 1.55 (0.90 to 2.67) 0.002 1.10 (0.70 to 1.72) 1.29 (0.71 to 2.32) 0.020 1.12 (0.72 to 1.77) 1.35 (0.74 to 2.45) 0.000
  HADS anxiety (11+) 1.49 (0.89 to 2.49) 1.66 (0.89 to 3.09) 0.000 1.51 (0.90 to 2.53) 1.67 (0.89 to 3.14) 0.000 1.52 (0.90 to 2.56) 1.62 (0.82 to 3.19) 0.000 1.55 (0.91 to 2.61) 1.63 (0.82 to 3.25) 0.000
  Suicidal ideation 2.43 (0.93 to 6.33) 2.80 (0.96 to 8.16) 0.000 2.31 (0.87 to 6.10) 2.50 (0.84 to 7.46) 0.000 2.48 (0.94 to 6.52) 2.43 (0.76 to 7.82) 0.000 2.40 (0.90 to 6.41) 2.25 (0.68 to 7.47) 0.000
 Health behaviours
  Heavy drinking 1.02 (0.67 to 1.55) 1.56 (0.93 to 2.61) 0.000 1.04 (0.68 to 1.59) 1.60 (0.95 to 2.69) 0.000 1.03 (0.67 to 1.57) 1.53 (0.87 to 2.68) 0.000 1.04 (0.68 to 1.60) 1.57 (0.88 to 2.78) 0.000
  Illegal drug use** 1.17 (0.72 to 1.91) 2.11 (1.19 to 3.76) 0.041 1.10 (0.67 to 1.82) 1.90 (1.05 to 3.44) 0.047 1.20 (0.73 to 1.97) 2.12 (1.13 to 3.98) 0.039 1.14 (0.68 to 1.89) 1.92 (1.00 to 3.69) 0.044
  Smoking 0.94 (0.64 to 1.39) 1.39 (0.86 to 2.24) 0.029 0.95 (0.63 to 1.41) 1.46 (0.89 to 2.40) 0.011 0.96 (0.64 to 1.42) 1.41 (0.83 to 2.39) 0.030 0.97 (0.65 to 1.46) 1.53 (0.89 to 2.64) 0.011

The mean difference is shown for physical health measures and ORs are shown for all other health measures. 95% CIs are given in brackets.

The reference category is 0 moves. Statistically significant results are given in bold.

*

Socio-demographic variables adjusted for are area-level deprivation, housing tenure, head of household social class, family structure and number of siblings.

Intraclass correlation coefficient (area-level variance as a proportion of the total variance). Individual variance is approximated by π2/3.31

There were missing values for BMI (11 at wave 2 and 20 at wave 5), waist:hip ratio (2 at wave 2 and 25 at wave 5), lung function (10 at wave 2 and 35 at wave 5) and mid-blood pressure (1 at wave 2 and 2 at wave 5).

§

There was one missing response to the general health question and 12 missing responses to the question about suicidal ideation at wave 2.

At wave 2, the question asked ‘have you ever thought about taking an overdose or injuring yourself’, while at wave 5, the response relates to whether the respondent has thought about doing so in the last 5 years.

**

At wave 2, the question asked ‘have you ever tried drugs’, while at wave 5, the response relates to whether the respondent has taken drugs in the last year.

BMI, body mass index; GHQ-12, 12-item General Health Questionnaire.